Halle M, Huonker M, Schmidt-Trucksäss A, Irmer M, Korsten-Reck U, Dürr H, van de Loo G, Keul J, Berg A
Abteilung für Rehabilitative und Präventive Sportmedizin, Medizinische Universitätsklinik, Freiburg.
Ther Umsch. 1998 Apr;55(4):235-9.
Regular physical exercise has shown to be beneficial for patients with cardiovascular disease. Therefore cardiac rehabilitation in Germany is continued for years after hospital discharge in outpatient cardiac exercise groups which meet twice a week under the guidance of a physician and a sports instructor. Before participation cardiac patients have to be examined including exercise tests and echocardiography for assessment of contraindications for exercise therapy as well as individual exercise capacity. Patients are assigned to two groups with different levels of exercise intensity according to their symptom-free work-capacity (cutoff level 1 W/kg). During exercise sessions sports-specific forms of exercise such as stretching, aerobic exercise or ball games are accompanied by psychosocial elements such as stress management. This global approach is intended to improve cardiovascular risk factors, cardiac function, and work capacity as well as to stabilize the patient psychologically in order to accelerate social integration. Recently these groups have opened towards patients after cardiac transplantation or with severe heart failure. Therefore, cardiac exercise groups play a central role in cardiac rehabilitation long after the acute cardiac event.
有证据表明，定期体育锻炼对心血管疾病患者有益。因此，在德国，心脏康复在出院后会持续数年，患者会参加门诊心脏运动小组，该小组每周在医生和体育教练的指导下集会两次。在参加之前，心脏病患者必须接受检查，包括运动测试和超声心动图，以评估运动疗法的禁忌症以及个人运动能力。根据患者无症状工作能力（临界水平为1瓦/千克），将其分为两组，运动强度不同。在运动过程中，诸如伸展、有氧运动或球类运动等特定运动形式会伴随着压力管理等心理社会因素。这种全面的方法旨在改善心血管危险因素、心脏功能和工作能力，并在心理上稳定患者，以加速社会融入。最近，这些小组也向心脏移植后或患有严重心力衰竭的患者开放。因此，心脏运动小组在急性心脏事件很久之后的心脏康复中发挥着核心作用。
