Wurster K G
Frauenklinik Charlottenhaus, Stuttgart.
Ther Umsch. 1998 Apr;55(4):256-61.
It is important to pay attention to bone metabolism in women long before the menopause. Irregular menstruation with anovulatory cycles or amenorrhoea persisting over several years have negative effects on bone formation and total bone mass already within a few years after menarche. They lead to a lack of oestradiol and are often associated with inadequate and unbalanced nutrition (e.g. lack of calcium and proteins). This results in severe impairment of bone formation and a net loss of bone mass. It is the duty of the doctors taking care of female athletes (as well as non-athletes) with irregular menstrual cycles or amenorrhoea to protect them against osteoporosis which may manifest itself 2-5 decades later. In the special case of female athletes a reduced bone mass is an important risk factor for stress fractures which can result in interruption or even in a premature termination of promising athletic careers. Athletes with retarded menarche, irregular menstrual cycles, or amenorrhoea must, therefore, be referred to a gynecologist for further diagnosis and treatment.
早在绝经前很久就关注女性的骨代谢很重要。初潮后几年内，无排卵周期的月经不调或闭经持续数年，就已经会对骨形成和骨总量产生负面影响。它们会导致雌二醇缺乏，并且常常与营养不足和不均衡（如缺乏钙和蛋白质）有关。这会导致骨形成严重受损以及骨量净丢失。照顾月经周期不规律或闭经的女运动员（以及非运动员）的医生有责任保护她们预防骨质疏松，骨质疏松可能在2至5十年后出现。在女运动员的特殊情况下，骨量减少是应力性骨折的一个重要风险因素，应力性骨折可能导致有前途的运动生涯中断甚至过早结束。因此，月经初潮延迟、月经周期不规律或闭经的运动员必须转诊给妇科医生进行进一步诊断和治疗。
