Steed P A
Funct Orthod. 1997 Nov-Dec;14(5):5-12.
For many years researchers and clinicians have been aware of the varying presenting signs and symptoms common in the TMD patient. The symptom-complex frequently includes preauricular pain; cephalgia (predominantly frontal, temporal, occipital, vertex, retro- and periorbital); cervicalgia (immobility/stiffness); otalgia (congestion, vertigo, tinnitus). The most prominent signs are those of joint sounds (popping, click and crepitus due to disc displacement with reduction and/or osseous breakdown); restricted mandibular excursion (disc displacement without reduction); and mandibular deviation/deflection (disc(s) displacement).
多年来，研究人员和临床医生已经意识到颞下颌关节紊乱病（TMD）患者常见的各种症状和体征。症状复合体通常包括耳前疼痛；头痛（主要是额部、颞部、枕部、头顶、眶后和眶周）；颈部疼痛（活动受限/僵硬）；耳痛（充血、眩晕、耳鸣）。最突出的体征是关节弹响（由于盘移位伴复位和/或骨质破坏引起的弹响、咔哒声和摩擦音）；下颌运动受限（盘移位未复位）；以及下颌偏斜/偏向（盘移位）。
