Barr G A, Zmitrovich A, Hamowy A S, Liu P Y, Wang S, Hutchings D E
Department of Developmental Psychobiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York 10032, USA.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1998 May;60(1):97-104. doi: 10.1016/s0091-3057(97)00596-0.
Recent evidence has shown that infant rats undergo precipitated withdrawal following chronic postnatal injection of morphine. In this study we examined whether or not infants exposed to methadone prenatally via the placental blood supply and postnatally via the dam's milk would also experience precipitated withdrawal. Dam's were implanted on gestational day 14 with osmotic minipumps containing one of two concentrations of methadone to supply the opiate throughout gestation and the first postnatal week. Nontreated and pair-fed controls were used. On postnatal day 7, pups were injected with naltrexone and their locomotor activity and ultrasonic vocalizations measured. Methadone exposed pups were more active and vocalized more when injected with naltrexone than with saline. The controls did not show these behavioral changes. The milk of methadone-exposed dams apparently contains sufficient quantities of the opiate for dependence to develop. The results are consistent with other data that demonstrate that very young rat pups can experience an opiate abstinence syndrome that includes increased behavioral activation.
最近的证据表明，幼鼠在出生后长期注射吗啡后会出现戒断反应。在本研究中，我们研究了通过胎盘血液供应在产前接触美沙酮且在产后通过母鼠乳汁接触美沙酮的幼鼠是否也会出现戒断反应。在妊娠第14天给母鼠植入含有两种美沙酮浓度之一的渗透微型泵，以便在整个妊娠期和产后第一周提供阿片类药物。使用未治疗和配对喂养的对照组。在出生后第7天，给幼鼠注射纳曲酮，并测量其运动活动和超声波发声。与注射生理盐水相比，接触美沙酮的幼鼠注射纳曲酮后更活跃且发声更多。对照组未出现这些行为变化。接触美沙酮的母鼠的乳汁显然含有足够量的阿片类药物以形成依赖性。这些结果与其他数据一致，这些数据表明非常年幼的幼鼠会经历包括行为激活增加在内的阿片类药物戒断综合征。
