Brown P
Z Tierpsychol. 1976 May;41(1):34-54. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.1976.tb00469.x.
The communication sounds of the pallid bat, Antrozous pallidus, wre studied in the laboratory. Adult pallid bats communicate via four main types of sound emissions: directives, squabble notes, irritation buzzes, and FM orientation pulses. Newborn bats emit only isolation calls. These calls evolve into the adult directive by the twentieth day. Ultrasonic orientation pulses do not appear until 7--9 days postnatally. These appear to arise de novo or may be derived from a shortened isolation call. Irritation buzzes and squabble notees are first emitted at one and two weeks of age respectively, without an apparent precursor. Mother bats nurse only their own infants and recognize them on the basis of auditory and olfactory cues. An apparent vocal signature is present in the temporal patterning of frequencies in the isolation call, and this may function in individual recognition.
在实验室中对苍白洞蝠（Antrozous pallidus）的交流声音进行了研究。成年苍白洞蝠通过四种主要的声音发射方式进行交流：指令声、争吵声、激怒嗡嗡声和调频定向脉冲。新生蝙蝠仅发出隔离叫声。这些叫声在第20天演变成成年指令声。超声定向脉冲直到出生后7 - 9天才出现。这些脉冲似乎是全新产生的，或者可能源自缩短的隔离叫声。激怒嗡嗡声和争吵声分别在出生一周和两周时首次发出，没有明显的前身。母蝙蝠只哺育自己的幼崽，并通过听觉和嗅觉线索识别它们。隔离叫声的频率时间模式中存在明显的声音特征，这可能在个体识别中发挥作用。
