爱沙尼亚地区医生和芬兰全科医生的任务概况。

Lember M, Kosunen E, Boerma W

Department of Polyclinic and Family Medicine, University of Tartu, Estonia.

Scand J Prim Health Care. 1998 Mar;16(1):56-62. doi: 10.1080/028134398750003421.

OBJECTIVE

To compare the task profiles of primary care doctors in two societies: district doctors in Estonia and general practitioners in Finland.

DESIGN

A uniform questionnaire was developed and used in 30 European countries in 1993 (The European Study of GP Task Profiles). The questionnaire was sent to a random sample of Estonian district doctors and Finnish health centre doctors. Data from 139 respondents in Estonia and 239 respondents in Finland were obtained.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

Personal and practice information, proportion of doctors performing certain medical procedures in their practices by themselves and being the first contact in relation to different problems.

RESULTS

The Finnish general practitioners (GPs) had more consultations per day, the Estonian district doctors made remarkably more home visits. Participation in on-duty work was 82% among the Finnish and 22% among the Estonian doctors. Most of the Finnish GPs worked by appointment, while this was uncommon in Estonia. More than 80% of the Estonian district doctors reported that they seldom or never performed the listed procedures by themselves. In Finland, more than 80% of the respondents carried out the procedures almost always by themselves. Handling children's and women's health problems was more frequent in Finland than in Estonia. The profiles of managing acute problems and problems of the elderly people were quite similar in both countries. The tackling of psychosocial problems as the first contact showed lower performance in both countries compared with somatic health problems.

CONCLUSIONS

The task profiles of the Estonian district doctors and the Finnish GPs differed considerably. The distribution of the Estonian doctors' answers gives evidence for the existence of specialization already within primary health care where certain problems almost never reach the district doctor. The results of the present study supported the curriculum design for the retraining of currently practising district doctors.

目的

比较两个社会中基层医疗医生的任务概况：爱沙尼亚的地区医生和芬兰的全科医生。

设计

1993年在30个欧洲国家开发并使用了统一问卷（《欧洲全科医生任务概况研究》）。问卷被发送给爱沙尼亚地区医生和芬兰健康中心医生的随机样本。获得了来自爱沙尼亚139名受访者和芬兰239名受访者的数据。

主要观察指标

个人及执业信息、在其执业中自行进行某些医疗程序的医生比例以及针对不同问题作为首诊的情况。

结果

芬兰全科医生每天的会诊次数更多，爱沙尼亚地区医生进行的家访显著更多。芬兰医生的值班参与率为82%，爱沙尼亚医生为22%。大多数芬兰全科医生按预约工作，而这在爱沙尼亚并不常见。超过80%的爱沙尼亚地区医生报告称他们很少或从不自行进行所列程序。在芬兰，超过80%的受访者几乎总是自行进行这些程序。芬兰处理儿童和妇女健康问题比爱沙尼亚更频繁。两国在处理急性问题和老年人问题方面的概况相当相似。与躯体健康问题相比，两国作为首诊处理心理社会问题的表现都较低。