Cross-reacting idiotypes on anti-insulin autoantibodies in autoimmune diseases, identified by monoclonal antibodies.

Investigations on the specific idiotypes of autoantibodies are supposed to help with the understanding of the control mechanisms participating in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. This study describes three monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) that recognize distinct idiotypic determinants on anti-insulin autoantibodies. The preabsorption by IAA-positive sera of insulin inhibits their subsequent binding to the anti-Id, thus suggesting that the Mabs recognize epitopes located at or near the binding site of insulin autoantibodies (IAA). These idiotypes are detected in sera from patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), which are IAA-negative, also. It is possible that the expression of the idiotypes recognized might generally be associated with induction of autoantibodies, since they were found in sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), and cataract (K). It can be assumed that the corresponding idiotypes of these Mabs, or similar structures (sequential or conformational), are expressed on autoantibodies with various antigen-binding specificities. These data suggest that some autoimmune diseases are preceded by the secretion of autoantibodies which express a common or similar pathological idiotype.