Barnard D R
Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA.
J Med Entomol. 1998 May;35(3):340-3. doi: 10.1093/jmedent/35.3.340.
Laboratory bioassays assessed differences in the protection time provided by the repellent deet (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide) against 5-d-old nulliparous and 10-, 15-, and 20-d-old nulliparous and parous female Aedes aegypti (L.), Anopheles albimanus (Weidemann), and Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say sensu lato. Mean protection time was shortest against An. albimanus (1.6 h) and An. quadrimaculatus (1.5 h) and longest against Ae. aegypti (6.5 h), but was not significantly influenced by mosquito age or parity. Mean percentage of biting at repellent failure time was highest in An. albimanus (14.2%), followed by An. quadrimaculatus (7.0%) and Ae. aegypti (2.9%), was higher in parous females (10.8%) than in nulliparous females (5.9%), and was highest overall (35%) in 20-d-old parous An. albimanus. Interaction between mosquito species and parity and between parity and age factors, respectively, resulted from a significant decrease in percentage of biting by parous An. quadrimaculatus compared with other females, and a significant increase in biting by 20-d-old parous females compared with other females. The main finding of this study is that repellent protection time is unaffected by parity; this is important because parous mosquitoes are the primary target of personal-protection measures in disease-endemic areas. When repellent failure did occur, there was a higher risk of bite by old, parous An. albimanus than for any other species, age, or parity grouping of females.
实验室生物测定评估了驱蚊剂避蚊胺（N,N-二乙基-3-甲基苯甲酰胺）对5日龄未产卵以及10日龄、15日龄和20日龄未产卵及已产卵的埃及伊蚊、白纹伊蚊和四斑按蚊（广义）雌蚊提供的防护时间差异。对白纹伊蚊的平均防护时间最短（1.6小时），对四斑按蚊的平均防护时间次之（1.5小时），对埃及伊蚊的平均防护时间最长（6.5小时），但不受蚊子年龄或是否产卵的显著影响。在驱蚊剂失效时的叮咬平均百分比在白纹伊蚊中最高（14.2%），其次是四斑按蚊（7.0%）和埃及伊蚊（2.9%）；已产卵雌蚊中的叮咬平均百分比（10.8%）高于未产卵雌蚊（5.9%），在20日龄已产卵的白纹伊蚊中总体最高（35%）。蚊子种类与是否产卵以及是否产卵与年龄因素之间的相互作用，分别是由于已产卵的四斑按蚊与其他雌蚊相比叮咬百分比显著降低，以及20日龄已产卵雌蚊与其他雌蚊相比叮咬显著增加所致。本研究的主要发现是，驱蚊剂的防护时间不受是否产卵的影响；这一点很重要，因为在疾病流行地区，已产卵的蚊子是个人防护措施的主要目标。当驱蚊剂确实失效时，与其他任何种类、年龄或是否产卵的雌蚊分组相比，老龄、已产卵的白纹伊蚊叮咬风险更高。
