Ferrari S, Raffaini M, Bianchi B, Sesenna E
Cattedra e Divisione di Chirurgia Maxillo-Facciale, Azienda Ospedaliera, Parma.
Minerva Stomatol. 1998 Mar;47(3):75-85.
Oro-mandibular reconstruction using vascularized bone-containing free-flaps can be accomplished with flap survival rates in the range of 95%. Primary reconstruction offers the best opportunity to achieve the optimal aesthetic and functional results. Patients presenting for secondary oro-mandibular reconstruction have a unique set of problems; these include the presence of soft tissue contracture displacing the mandibular segments in malposition and soft tissue deficiencies, that makes surgical correction more difficult and potentially more hazardous. Vascularized bone-containing free-flaps are indicated in secondary oro-mandibular reconstruction where both hard and soft tissues replacement is needed or when the recipient bed is unfavourable due to previous surgery and/or radiation.
Authors presents personal experience in ten cases of secondary oro-mandibular reconstruction treated at Maxillofacial Department of Parma from September 1995 to September 1996 with secondary oro-mandibular reconstruction using bone containing free flaps. Two different donor sites were used to harvest bone-containing free flaps: iliac crest in 2 cases and fibula in the others. In 4 cases the flap was only osseous while in the other 6 cases it was osteocutaneous.
All flaps were transplanted successfully; in 1 case necrosis of the skin component of the flap was observed.
The introduction of vascularized bone containing free flaps transferred from distant sites by microvascular techniques has changed mandibular reconstruction. Vascularized bone transferred into tissue beds compromised by salivary contamination and previous irradiation and the rational use of the soft tissutal components of the flap permit also the restoration of articulation, deglutition and mastication with quality of life better than non-vascularized alternatives.
使用含血管化骨的游离皮瓣进行口腔颌面部重建,皮瓣成活率可达95%左右。一期重建为实现最佳美学和功能效果提供了最佳机会。接受二期口腔颌面部重建的患者存在一系列独特问题;这些问题包括软组织挛缩导致下颌骨段移位和软组织缺损,这使得手术矫正更加困难且潜在风险更大。在需要同时替换硬组织和软组织或由于既往手术和/或放疗导致受区条件不佳的二期口腔颌面部重建中,应使用含血管化骨的游离皮瓣。
作者介绍了1995年9月至1996年9月在帕尔马颌面外科治疗的10例二期口腔颌面部重建的个人经验,采用含骨游离皮瓣进行二期口腔颌面部重建。使用了两个不同的供区获取含骨游离皮瓣:2例取自髂嵴,其余取自腓骨。4例皮瓣仅为骨瓣,另外6例为骨皮瓣。
所有皮瓣均成功移植;1例观察到皮瓣皮肤部分坏死。
通过微血管技术从远处转移含血管化骨的游离皮瓣的引入改变了下颌骨重建。将血管化骨转移到受唾液污染和既往放疗影响的组织床中,以及合理使用皮瓣的软组织成分,也能够恢复关节活动、吞咽和咀嚼功能,生活质量优于非血管化替代方案。