Atalan G, Holt P E, Barr F J
Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, United Kingdom.
Am J Vet Res. 1998 Jun;59(6):673-9.
To determine bladder neck positional changes between standing and recumbent positions in bitches and whether change is related to continence status or general anesthesia, or both, and to evaluate reproducibility of measurements.
45 continent animals and 46 incontinent bitches with urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence (SMI).
Distance between the bladder neck and perineal skin was measured ultrasonographically via the perineum while each dog was conscious in standing and right lateral recumbency and in right lateral recumbency under general anesthesia. Measurements of the bladder neck position obtained in right lateral recumbency under anesthesia were compared with radiographic measurements of the same parameter. Reproducibility of the ultrasonographic measurements of the distance between bladder neck and perineum was assessed on 3 occasions for each position in 50 dogs.
In all dogs, differences in bladder neck position between standing and recumbent conscious-associated positions were not significant. However, caudal bladder neck movement between standing conscious- and recumbent anesthesia-associated positions and between recumbent conscious- and anesthesia-associated positions was significant for all dogs. Incontinent bitches had greater degree of caudal bladder movement during anesthesia. Mean difference in bladder neck positions between recumbent conscious- and recumbent anesthesia-associated positions was 0.24 cm in continent, compared with 0.73 cm in incontinent, bitches. Radiographic measurements were significantly greater than ultrasonographic measurements. Differences between repeated measurements for standing position were not significant, but those for recumbent conscious- and recumbent anesthesia-associated positions were significant.
Additional vesicourethral support mechanisms in continent dogs, are deficient in bitches with SMI, allowing the bladder neck to move further caudad.
确定母犬站立位与卧位时膀胱颈的位置变化，以及这种变化是否与控尿状态或全身麻醉或两者均有关，并评估测量的可重复性。
45只控尿母犬和46只患有尿道括约肌功能不全（SMI）的尿失禁母犬。
在每只犬清醒站立位、右侧卧位以及全身麻醉下右侧卧位时，经会阴超声测量膀胱颈与会阴皮肤之间的距离。将麻醉下右侧卧位时获得的膀胱颈位置测量值与相同参数的X线测量值进行比较。在50只犬中，对每个体位的膀胱颈与会阴之间距离的超声测量值进行3次重复测量，以评估其可重复性。
在所有犬中，站立位与清醒卧位相关体位之间的膀胱颈位置差异不显著。然而，所有犬在清醒站立位与麻醉卧位相关体位之间以及清醒卧位与麻醉相关体位之间，膀胱颈均有显著的尾侧移动。尿失禁母犬在麻醉期间膀胱尾侧移动程度更大。控尿母犬清醒卧位与麻醉卧位相关体位之间膀胱颈位置的平均差异为0.24 cm，而尿失禁母犬为0.73 cm。X线测量值显著大于超声测量值。站立位重复测量之间的差异不显著，但清醒卧位与麻醉卧位相关体位的差异显著。
控尿母犬存在额外的膀胱尿道支持机制，而患有SMI的母犬则缺乏这些机制，这使得膀胱颈能进一步向尾侧移动。
