van Amsterdam J G, van der Laan J W, Slangen J L
Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu, Laboratorium voor Effectenonderzoek en Laboratorium Geneesmiddelen en Medische Hulpmiddelen, BA, Bilthoven.
Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 1998 Mar 7;142(10):504-8.
Establishment of residual cognitive and psychotic effects (effects present at the time that all active cannabinoids are eliminated from the body) putatively produced by prolonged heavy cannabis use is difficult, because of many confounding variables like slow elimination of active cannabinoids, lack of supervision during abstinence, poor use of well-matched control groups and the presence of withdrawal symptoms. Residual cognitive effects were observed in some but not in all tests after prolonged heavy cannabis use. The effects were mostly mild. The relationship of cannabis use, psychotic effects and schizophrenia was unclear; the cannabis conceivably gave relief, but it also appeared that cannabis caused schizophrenia in young people and (or) enhanced the symptoms, especially in young people poorly able to cope with stress or in whom the antipsychotic therapy was unsuccessful.
长期大量使用大麻可能产生的残留认知和精神影响（即在体内所有活性大麻素被清除时仍存在的影响）难以确定，原因是存在许多混杂变量，如活性大麻素清除缓慢、戒断期间缺乏监督、匹配良好的对照组使用不当以及存在戒断症状。长期大量使用大麻后，在部分而非所有测试中观察到了残留认知影响。这些影响大多较为轻微。大麻使用、精神影响与精神分裂症之间的关系尚不清楚；大麻可能起到缓解作用，但似乎也会导致年轻人患精神分裂症和（或）加重症状，尤其是那些应对压力能力差或抗精神病治疗效果不佳的年轻人。
