Arvedson J C
Speech-Language-Hearing Department, Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA.
Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 1998 Jun;31(3):453-76. doi: 10.1016/s0030-6665(05)70064-5.
Decisions for management of feeding and swallowing problems in infants and children are likely to be most effective in a professional team approach with caregivers. Optimal management relies on optimal assessment. This article focuses on management strategies that involve "food rules," the position and posture changes, alterations in food and liquid attributes, oral-motor and swallow function, utensil changes, adjustments in feeding schedules and pacing, and behavioral intervention with failure to thrive in the context of global issues for children who are oral and nonoral feeders.
对于婴儿和儿童喂养与吞咽问题的管理决策，采用专业团队与护理人员协作的方式可能最为有效。最佳管理依赖于最佳评估。本文重点关注管理策略，包括“饮食规则”、体位和姿势改变、食物和液体属性调整、口腔运动和吞咽功能、餐具更换、喂养时间表和节奏调整，以及针对口腔喂养和非口腔喂养儿童在整体问题背景下出现发育不良的行为干预。
