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RNA. 1998 Apr;4(4):394-406.
2
Nucleotide sequences within the U5 region of the viral RNA genome are the major determinants for an human immunodeficiency virus type 1 to maintain a primer binding site complementary to tRNA(His).病毒RNA基因组U5区域内的核苷酸序列是人类免疫缺陷病毒1型维持与tRNA(His)互补的引物结合位点的主要决定因素。
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Genetic analysis of a unique human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) with a primer binding site complementary to tRNAMet supports a role for U5-PBS stem-loop RNA structures in initiation of HIV-1 reverse transcription.对一种独特的1型人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV-1）进行的基因分析表明，其引物结合位点与tRNAMet互补，这支持了U5-PBS茎环RNA结构在HIV-1逆转录起始过程中的作用。
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7
Forced selection of tRNA(Glu) reveals the importance of two adenosine-rich RNA loops within the U5-PBS for SIV(smmPBj) replication.强制选择tRNA（Glu）揭示了U5-PBS内两个富含腺苷的RNA环对SIV（smmPBj）复制的重要性。
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Nucleotides within the anticodon stem are important for optimal use of tRNA(Lys,3) as the primer for HIV-1 reverse transcription.反密码子茎内的核苷酸对于最佳利用tRNA（Lys，3）作为HIV-1逆转录的引物至关重要。
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Anti HIV-1 virucidal activity of polyamide nucleic acid-membrane transducing peptide conjugates targeted to primer binding site of HIV-1 genome.靶向HIV-1基因组引物结合位点的聚酰胺核酸-膜转导肽缀合物的抗HIV-1杀病毒活性
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10
The availability of the primer activation signal (PAS) affects the efficiency of HIV-1 reverse transcription initiation.引物激活信号（PAS）的可用性会影响HIV-1逆转录起始的效率。
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本文引用的文献

1
The importance of the A-rich loop in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcription and infectivity.富含A的环在1型人类免疫缺陷病毒逆转录和感染性中的重要性。
J Virol. 1997 Aug;71(8):5750-7. doi: 10.1128/JVI.71.8.5750-5757.1997.
2
Stability of HIV type 1 proviral genomes that contain two distinct primer-binding sites.含有两个不同引物结合位点的1型人类免疫缺陷病毒前病毒基因组的稳定性
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1997 Feb 10;13(3):253-62. doi: 10.1089/aid.1997.13.253.
3
Identification of a sequence within U5 required for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 to stably maintain a primer binding site complementary to tRNA(Met).鉴定1型人类免疫缺陷病毒稳定维持与tRNA(Met)互补的引物结合位点所需的U5内序列。
J Virol. 1997 Jan;71(1):207-17. doi: 10.1128/JVI.71.1.207-217.1997.
4
Nucleotide sequences within the U5 region of the viral RNA genome are the major determinants for an human immunodeficiency virus type 1 to maintain a primer binding site complementary to tRNA(His).病毒RNA基因组U5区域内的核苷酸序列是人类免疫缺陷病毒1型维持与tRNA(His)互补的引物结合位点的主要决定因素。
Virology. 1996 Dec 15;226(2):306-17. doi: 10.1006/viro.1996.0658.
5
Mutations in both the U5 region and the primer-binding site influence the selection of the tRNA used for the initiation of HIV-1 reverse transcription.U5区域和引物结合位点的突变都会影响用于启动HIV-1逆转录的tRNA的选择。
Virology. 1996 Aug 15;222(2):401-14. doi: 10.1006/viro.1996.0437.
6
Construction of a type 1 human immunodeficiency virus that maintains a primer binding site complementary to tRNA(His).构建一种1型人类免疫缺陷病毒，其保留与tRNA(His)互补的引物结合位点。
J Virol. 1996 Feb;70(2):966-75. doi: 10.1128/JVI.70.2.966-975.1996.
7
Reduced replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mutants that use reverse transcription primers other than the natural tRNA(3Lys).使用天然tRNA(3Lys)以外的逆转录引物的1型人类免疫缺陷病毒突变体的复制减少。
J Virol. 1995 May;69(5):3090-7. doi: 10.1128/JVI.69.5.3090-3097.1995.
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Initiation of reverse transcription of HIV-1: secondary structure of the HIV-1 RNA/tRNA(3Lys) (template/primer).HIV-1逆转录的起始：HIV-1 RNA/tRNA(3Lys)（模板/引物）的二级结构
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Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 can use different tRNAs as primers for reverse transcription but selectively maintains a primer binding site complementary to tRNA(3Lys).1型人类免疫缺陷病毒可以使用不同的tRNA作为逆转录引物，但会选择性地维持与tRNA(3Lys)互补的引物结合位点。
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10
Effects of alterations of primer-binding site sequences on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication.引物结合位点序列改变对1型人类免疫缺陷病毒复制的影响。
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对一种新型HIV-1的U5-PBS进行基因分析，揭示了逆转录起始所需的tRNA与RNA基因组之间的多种相互作用。

Genetic analysis of the U5-PBS of a novel HIV-1 reveals multiple interactions between the tRNA and RNA genome required for initiation of reverse transcription.

作者信息

Zhang Z, Kang S M, Li Y, Morrow C D

机构信息

Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham 35294, USA.

出版信息

RNA. 1998 Apr;4(4):394-406.

PMID:9630246
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1369626/
Abstract

A novel HIV-1 genome that stably utilizes tRNA(His) rather than tRNA(Lys,3) to initiate reverse transcription was used to study features for the interaction between the tRNA and viral RNA genome. In addition to a primer binding site (PBS) complementary to tRNA(His), this virus contains a six-nucleotide sequence in U5 complementary to the anticodon-loop of tRNA(His) and three additional substitutions: U174-to-G, G181-to-A, and U200-to-C [HXB2(His-AC-GAC)]. Mutations in these three nucleotides resulted in viruses with three different genotypes: one group maintained a PBS complementary to tRNA(His) with restored G174A181C200 or G174A181U200 configurations, one group reverted to a PBS complementary to tRNA(Lys,3), and one group contained two or more PBSs complementary to different tRNAs on the same viral genome. Characterization of a previously identified virus with additional C152-to-A and C160-to-U substitutions [HXB2(His-AC-A152U160-GAC)] revealed that this virus maintained a PBS complementary to tRNA(His), whereas a mutant HXB2(His-AC-U152A160-GAC) reverted after culture to contain dual PBS complementary to tRNA(Lys,3) and tRNA(His), respectively. Our results demonstrate that regions in U5 act in concert with the PBS to promote use of the tRNA primer for initiation of reverse transcription. These results are discussed with respect to structural models for the U5-PBS interactions with tRNA.

摘要

一种新型的人类免疫缺陷病毒1型（HIV-1）基因组被用于研究tRNA与病毒RNA基因组之间相互作用的特征，该基因组稳定地利用tRNA(His)而非tRNA(Lys,3)来启动逆转录过程。除了与tRNA(His)互补的引物结合位点（PBS）外，这种病毒在U5区域还含有一段与tRNA(His)反密码子环互补的六核苷酸序列以及另外三个替换：U174突变为G、G181突变为A和U200突变为C [HXB2(His-AC-GAC)]。这三个核苷酸的突变产生了三种不同基因型的病毒：一组保持与tRNA(His)互补的PBS，并恢复为G174A181C200或G174A181U200构型；一组恢复为与tRNA(Lys,3)互补的PBS；还有一组在同一病毒基因组上含有两个或更多与不同tRNA互补的PBS。对先前鉴定的具有额外C152突变为A和C160突变为U替换的病毒[HXB2(His-AC-A152U160-GAC)]进行表征，结果显示该病毒保持了与tRNA(His)互补的PBS，而突变体HXB2(His-AC-U152A160-GAC)在培养后恢复为分别与tRNA(Lys,3)和tRNA(His)互补的双PBS。我们的结果表明，U5区域与PBS协同作用，以促进使用tRNA引物启动逆转录过程。本文结合U5-PBS与tRNA相互作用的结构模型对这些结果进行了讨论。