Watts T, Siziya S
Ngwelezana Hospital, Empangeni, South Africa.
Cent Afr J Med. 1997 Nov;43(11):312-6.
To determine the living conditions of people and to compare the results with census figures.
Cross sectional.
A high density dormitory suburb of Harare, Zimbabwe.
108 stands containing 293 households were surveyed in 1990 and 90 stands containing 454 households in 1993.
Crowding index.
An average increase of five people per stand in the three years to an average of 15 to 18 people on each stand was observed, allowing 16.4 to 19.6 m2 per person. Although the number of households living in one room increased from 101 (48.6%) in 1990 to 243 (72.5%) in 1993, the actual number of people per room did not increase. The Chitungwiza population was older than the overall population in Zimbabwe with an increased proportion of men of working age. About one tenth (10.8%) of heads of households who were resident for more than 20 years were still lodgers and 77.0% of these heads of households maintained that they still had a rural home. About three quarters (76.4%) of households had no kitchen and 74.1% of all households cooked on paraffin stoves or occasionally wood fires.
Many new rooms had been built on the stands leading to overcrowding with possible implications for health.
确定人们的生活条件，并将结果与人口普查数据进行比较。
横断面研究。
津巴布韦哈拉雷一个高密度宿舍区的郊区。
1990年对108个地块（包含293户家庭）进行了调查，1993年对90个地块（包含454户家庭）进行了调查。
拥挤指数。
在三年时间里，每个地块平均增加了5人，每个地块平均达到15至18人，人均居住面积为16.4至19.6平方米。虽然居住在一个房间的家庭数量从1990年的101户（48.6%）增加到1993年的243户（72.5%），但每个房间的实际居住人数并未增加。奇通圭扎的人口比津巴布韦的总人口年龄更大，劳动年龄男性的比例有所增加。在居住超过20年的户主中，约十分之一（10.8%）仍然是寄宿者，其中77.0%的户主表示他们仍然有一个农村老家。约四分之三（76.4%）的家庭没有厨房，所有家庭中有74.1%使用煤油炉做饭或偶尔使用木柴生火。
地块上新建了许多房间，导致过度拥挤，可能对健康产生影响。
