Barber T A, Klunk A M, Howorth P D, Pearlman M F, Patrick K E
Department of Psychology, Dickinson College, Carlisle, PA 17013-2896, USA.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1998 Jun;60(2):423-30. doi: 10.1016/s0091-3057(97)00597-2.
In sickness-conditioned learning, animals become ill after sampling a new substance and develop an aversion that is expressed as avoidance of that substance in subsequent presentations. We examined the parameters of a one-trial, nongustatory, sickness-conditioned learning task in day-old chicks. Chicks pecked a bead and were made ill by i.p. injection of lithium chloride (LiCl). Both 0.5 and 1.0 M LiCl (0.1 ml) produced reliable avoidance at test. Chicks injected with LiCl between 15 and 45 min after training avoided the bead at test, whereas those injected within 5 or 10 min or more than 45 min after training did not. Avoidance was present until 24 h posttraining and absent after 48 h. Therefore, robust learning of the sickness-conditioned learning task occurs in one trial without the need for gustatory cues, and memory for the task lasts at least 24 h. Uses of this task to study memory formation in the day-old chick are discussed.
在疾病条件性学习中，动物在品尝一种新物质后会生病，并产生厌恶感，这种厌恶感表现为在随后再次接触该物质时会避开它。我们研究了一日龄雏鸡单次非味觉性疾病条件性学习任务的参数。雏鸡啄一颗珠子，然后通过腹腔注射氯化锂（LiCl）使其生病。0.5 M和1.0 M的LiCl（0.1 ml）在测试时均产生了可靠的回避行为。在训练后15至45分钟之间注射LiCl的雏鸡在测试时避开了珠子，而在训练后5或10分钟内或45分钟以上注射的雏鸡则没有。回避行为一直持续到训练后24小时，48小时后则消失。因此，在单次试验中就能实现对疾病条件性学习任务的稳健学习，无需味觉线索，并且对该任务的记忆至少持续24小时。本文还讨论了利用此任务研究一日龄雏鸡记忆形成的情况。
