Korbin J E, Coulton C J, Chard S, Platt-Houston C, Su M
Dept. of Anthropology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
Dev Psychopathol. 1998 Spring;10(2):215-33. doi: 10.1017/s0954579498001588.
Although it is well documented that child maltreatment exerts a deleterious impact on child adaptation, much less is known about the precise etiological pathways that eventuate in child abuse and neglect. This paper reports on a multimethod ecological study of the relationship between neighborhood structural factors and child maltreatment reports in African American and European American census tracts. The study had two major components. First, in an aggregate analysis, the effects of four measures of community structure (impoverishment, child care burden, instability, and geographic isolation) on child maltreatment report rates were examined separately for predominantly African American (n = 94) and predominantly European American (n = 189) census tracts. Impoverishment in particular had a significantly weaker effect on maltreatment rates in African American than in European American neighborhoods. Second, focused ethnographies were conducted in four selected census tracts with child maltreatment report rates in the highest and lowest quartiles. Ethnographic data point to the importance of the social fabric in accounting for differences in child maltreatment report rates by predominant neighborhood ethnicity.
尽管有充分的文献记载表明虐待儿童会对儿童的适应产生有害影响，但对于导致虐待和忽视儿童的确切病因途径却知之甚少。本文报告了一项关于非裔美国人和欧裔美国人普查区邻里结构因素与虐待儿童报告之间关系的多方法生态学研究。该研究有两个主要部分。首先，在总体分析中，分别对主要为非裔美国人（n = 94）和主要为欧裔美国人（n = 189）的普查区，考察了社区结构的四项指标（贫困、儿童照料负担、不稳定和地理隔离）对虐待儿童报告率的影响。特别是贫困对非裔美国人社区虐待率的影响明显弱于欧裔美国人社区。其次，在四个选定的普查区进行了重点人种志研究，这些普查区的虐待儿童报告率处于最高和最低四分位数。人种志数据表明，社会结构对于解释主要邻里种族在虐待儿童报告率上的差异具有重要意义。
