Romagnolo D, DiAugustine R P
Laboratory of Biochemical Risk Analysis, National Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA.
Environ Health Perspect. 1994 Oct;102(10):846-51. doi: 10.1289/ehp.94102846.
Bioengineering of the mammary gland to produce proteins of therapeutic and industrial value is the result of extensive investigation of the physiology of the mammary gland and the ability to generate transgenic animals. Targeting the expression of heterologous proteins to mammary tissue requires a thorough understanding of the biochemical events that coordinate growth and differentiation of the mammary gland and of the hormonal and developmental regulation of expression of milk protein genes. The characterization of mammary-specific promoter regions in milk protein genes and knowledge of the mechanisms that confer integration site-independent expression of transgenes have significantly contributed to modifying the mammary gland to produce heterologous proteins of therapeutic interest. The generation of large transgenic farm animals provides the opportunity for large-scale production of proteins in milk that have a therapeutic value but are naturally present at low concentrations in biological fluids. Transgenic mammary epithelial cells offer a versatile research model in biomedical, environmental health, and neonatal toxicology research.
对乳腺进行生物工程改造以生产具有治疗和工业价值的蛋白质，是对乳腺生理学和培育转基因动物能力进行广泛研究的成果。将异源蛋白质的表达靶向乳腺组织，需要深入了解协调乳腺生长和分化的生化事件，以及乳蛋白基因表达的激素和发育调控。乳蛋白基因中乳腺特异性启动子区域的表征，以及赋予转基因整合位点非依赖性表达机制的知识，对改造乳腺以生产具有治疗意义的异源蛋白质做出了重大贡献。大型转基因农场动物的培育为大规模生产具有治疗价值但在生物体液中天然存在浓度较低的牛奶中的蛋白质提供了机会。转基因乳腺上皮细胞在生物医学、环境卫生和新生儿毒理学研究中提供了一个通用的研究模型。
