Gast R K, Mitchell B W, Holt P S
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
Avian Dis. 1998 Apr-Jun;42(2):315-20.
Although direct contact with infected birds and indirect contact with contaminated environmental surfaces are known to be important factors in the dissemination of Salmonella enteritidis in poultry flocks, the potential role of airborne transmission is less clearly defined. This study considered the mechanism by which S. enteritidis might spread between groups of chicks housed in controlled-environment disease transmission cabinets, separated by an unoccupied space that prevented any direct or indirect contact. Airflow in these cabinets was directed across the unoccupied area from one ("upstream") group of chicks to the other ("downstream") group. In each of four replicate trials, two groups of 25 chicks were placed in the upstream ends of transmission cabinets and orally inoculated with S. enteritidis at 1 week of age. One day later, 25 1-day-old chicks were placed in the downstream end of each cabinet. When chicks were removed and sampled at 3 and 7 days postinoculation, S. enteritidis was found on the feathers of 77% of the downstream chicks. Moreover, 33% of the downstream chicks became infected with S. interitidis. The comparative frequencies of recovery of S. enteritidis from various downstream sampling sites suggested that infection was apparently transmitted principally by oral ingestion, perhaps from environmental surfaces contaminated by airborne movement of the pathogen. Reducing the airborne movement of S. enteritidis in poultry houses should thus help limit the spread of infection within flocks and thereby diminish the incidence of production of contaminated eggs.
虽然已知与受感染禽类的直接接触以及与受污染环境表面的间接接触是肠炎沙门氏菌在家禽群体中传播的重要因素，但空气传播的潜在作用尚不清楚。本研究探讨了肠炎沙门氏菌在饲养于可控环境疾病传播柜中的雏鸡群体之间传播的机制，这些雏鸡群体被一个空置空间隔开，以防止任何直接或间接接触。这些柜子中的气流从一组（“上游”）雏鸡穿过空置区域导向另一组（“下游”）雏鸡。在四个重复试验的每一个中，两组25只雏鸡被放置在传播柜的上游端，并在1周龄时口服接种肠炎沙门氏菌。一天后，每组柜子的下游端放入25只1日龄雏鸡。当在接种后3天和7天取出雏鸡并进行采样时，在77%的下游雏鸡的羽毛上发现了肠炎沙门氏菌。此外，33%的下游雏鸡感染了肠炎沙门氏菌。从不同下游采样点回收肠炎沙门氏菌的相对频率表明，感染显然主要通过口服摄入传播，可能来自病原体空气传播污染的环境表面。因此，减少家禽舍中肠炎沙门氏菌的空气传播应有助于限制鸡群内感染的传播，从而降低受污染鸡蛋的生产发生率。
