Reiczigel J, Rózsa L
Department of Biomathematics and Informatics, University of Veterinary Science, Budapest, Hungary.
J Parasitol. 1998 Jun;84(3):491-8.
Site segregation of coexisting ectoparasite species may result either from a direct interaction such as resource competition between them or from a host-mediated interaction. Here we present an individual-based model for the coevolution of 1 host and 2 parasite species to study this latter hypothesis. Parasite species are generalists at the start of the simulation and develop site specificities under the following assumptions. Parasite populations are not subject to resource limitations but are limited directly by host defense as predation. Hosts have 2 sites that need different defensive abilities to reduce their parasite burden. Parasites need to exhibit different evasive abilities to survive on different sites. Host grooming selects parasites for an increasing capability for evasion, whereas parasites select hosts for an increasing efficiency of grooming. Two trade-offs are incorporated into the model: one between host defensive abilities on the 2 sites, and another between parasite evasive abilities on the 2 sites. We conclude that, under these assumptions, the optimization of host defense and parasite evasion strategies may select ectoparasites for site segregation and this may stabilize the coexistence of parasite species.
共存的体外寄生虫物种的位点隔离可能源于它们之间的直接相互作用，如资源竞争，也可能源于宿主介导的相互作用。在此，我们提出一个基于个体的模型，用于研究1个宿主和2个寄生虫物种的共同进化，以探讨后一种假设。在模拟开始时，寄生虫物种是泛化种，并在以下假设下发展出位点特异性。寄生虫种群不受资源限制，但直接受到宿主防御（如捕食）的限制。宿主有两个位点，需要不同的防御能力来减轻其寄生虫负担。寄生虫需要表现出不同的逃避能力才能在不同位点生存。宿主的梳理行为会选择具有越来越强逃避能力的寄生虫，而寄生虫则会选择梳理效率越来越高的宿主。模型纳入了两个权衡因素：一个是宿主在两个位点上的防御能力之间的权衡，另一个是寄生虫在两个位点上的逃避能力之间的权衡。我们得出结论，在这些假设下，宿主防御和寄生虫逃避策略的优化可能会选择体外寄生虫进行位点隔离，这可能会稳定寄生虫物种的共存。
