Alexander W S
Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia.
Int Rev Immunol. 1998;16(5-6):651-82. doi: 10.3109/08830189809043013.
Hematopoiesis is the process by which mature, functional progeny of the eight major lineages of blood cells are produced from a hierarchy of progressively less mature progenitor and stem cells. The control of hematopoiesis involves intimate cellular interactions between developing blood cells and stromal elements as well as regulation by soluble cytokines, that may act locally in the bone marrow environment or at remote tissue sites. In excess of twenty cytokines that stimulate the production and/or function of hematopoietic cells have now been cloned and are available in purified, recombinant form. The colony-stimulating factors, erythropoietin and the recently discovered thrombopoietin are key regulators of granulocyte/macrophage, erythroid and megakaryocyte/platelet production respectively. The activities of these cytokines have been extensively studied, both in vitro and in vivo, and recent analysis of mice genetically engineered to lack these regulators or their cell surface receptors have provided profound insights into their essential physiological roles. These studies have culminated in the development of these cytokines as valuable clinical reagents.
造血作用是指从逐渐不太成熟的祖细胞和干细胞层级中产生血细胞八大主要谱系的成熟、功能性后代的过程。造血作用的控制涉及发育中的血细胞与基质成分之间密切的细胞相互作用，以及可溶性细胞因子的调节，这些细胞因子可能在骨髓环境中局部起作用，或在远处组织部位起作用。现在已经克隆了超过二十种刺激造血细胞产生和/或功能的细胞因子，并以纯化的重组形式获得。集落刺激因子、促红细胞生成素和最近发现的血小板生成素分别是粒细胞/巨噬细胞、红细胞和巨核细胞/血小板生成的关键调节因子。这些细胞因子的活性已经在体外和体内进行了广泛研究，最近对经过基因工程改造而缺乏这些调节因子或其细胞表面受体的小鼠的分析，为它们的基本生理作用提供了深刻见解。这些研究最终促成了这些细胞因子作为有价值的临床试剂的开发。
