Chaisson E J
Wright Center for Science Education, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
Biosystems. 1998 Apr;46(1-2):13-9. doi: 10.1016/s0303-2647(97)00076-2.
The unifying scenario fo cosmic evolution is outlined by following the natural changes among radiation, matter and life in standard, big-bang cosmology. Using aspects of non equilibrium thermodynamics, especially energy flow considerations, we argue that it is the contrasting temporal behavior of various energy densities that have given rise to the environments needed for the emergence of galaxies, stars, planets, and life forms. We furthermore argue that a necessary (though perhaps not sufficient) condition--a veritable prime mover--for the emergence of such ordered structures of growing complexity is the expansion of the Universe itself. Neither demonstrably new science nor appeals to non-science are needed to explain the impressive hierarchy of generative change, from atoms to galaxies, from cells to society.
通过遵循标准大爆炸宇宙学中辐射、物质和生命之间的自然变化,勾勒出宇宙演化的统一图景。利用非平衡热力学的一些方面,特别是能量流的考虑因素,我们认为正是各种能量密度的不同时间行为,产生了星系、恒星、行星和生命形式出现所需的环境。我们进一步认为,宇宙本身的膨胀是这种日益复杂的有序结构出现的必要(尽管可能不充分)条件——一个真正的第一推动者。解释从原子到星系、从细胞到社会的令人印象深刻的生成变化层次结构,既不需要明显的新科学,也不需要诉诸非科学。