Downs W R, Miller B A
Center for the Study of Adolescence, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls 50614-0401, USA.
Violence Vict. 1998 Spring;13(1):63-77.
The interrelationships between experience of parental verbal aggression and physical violence during childhood and the development of low self-esteem during adulthood were explored separately for the father-daughter and mother-daughter relationships. Data were collected from 472 women between the ages of 18 and 45 during in-depth interviews drawn from five sources: outpatient alcoholism treatment, DWI (Driving While Intoxicated) education programs, shelter for battered women, outpatient mental health treatment, and randomly from the community. Control variables included respondents' alcohol problems and help-seeking behavior, parental alcohol problems, number of changes in childhood family (e.g., divorce), and respondents' race and social class. Controlling for these variables, experiences of father-to-daughter verbal aggression, moderate violence, and severe violence were found related to lower self-esteem in adulthood for women. Conversely, controlling for these variables, experiences of mother-to-daughter verbal aggression, moderate violence, and severe violence were not found related to lower self-esteem in adulthood for women.
分别针对父女关系和母女关系，探讨了童年时期父母言语攻击和身体暴力的经历与成年后低自尊发展之间的相互关系。数据收集自472名年龄在18至45岁之间的女性，通过深入访谈从五个来源获取：门诊酗酒治疗、酒后驾车（DWI）教育项目、受虐妇女庇护所、门诊心理健康治疗，以及从社区随机抽取。控制变量包括受访者的酒精问题和求助行为、父母的酒精问题、童年家庭变化的次数（如离婚），以及受访者的种族和社会阶层。在控制这些变量后，发现父亲对女儿的言语攻击、中度暴力和严重暴力经历与成年女性的低自尊有关。相反，在控制这些变量后，未发现母亲对女儿的言语攻击、中度暴力和严重暴力经历与成年女性的低自尊有关。
