Bowers C L, Crockett C M, Bowden D M
Regional Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
Am J Primatol. 1998;45(3):245-61. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2345(1998)45:3<245::AID-AJP2>3.0.CO;2-W.
Some laboratory primates are more likely than others to react to anxiety-provoking stressors. Individuals that overreact to stressors may experience diminished psychological well-being and would be inappropriate for some experiments. The differences between reactive and nonreactive individuals may be reflected in heart period and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). Using surface electrodes and radio telemetry, we measured these two cardiac variables in seven male and ten female singly caged longtailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) when they were exposed to two stressors, a sudden noise (whistle test) and an unfamiliar technician wearing capture gloves (glove test). Behavior was videotaped during both tests. For the whistle test, cardiac data were recorded before, during, and after two 1 minute whistle blasts separated by 90 min. For the glove test, data were recorded in 1 minute blocks every 8 minutes over 96 minutes before, during, and after 1 minute exposure to the gloved technician. Heart period was decreased and RSA was suppressed during both the whistle and glove exposures. After the whistle test, the cardiac activity of most subjects returned to baseline levels within 10 minutes. The glove test produced more extended suppression, with greater individual differences, than the whistle test. There were greater individual differences in RSA than in heart period. These enhanced individual differences were used to define stress reactors that differed from nonreactors in their cardiac data profiles. Of 16 subjects that completed the glove test, five were identified as reactors.
一些实验用灵长类动物比其他动物更有可能对引发焦虑的应激源产生反应。对应激源反应过度的个体可能会出现心理健康状况下降的情况，并且不适用于某些实验。反应性个体和非反应性个体之间的差异可能体现在心动周期和呼吸性窦性心律失常（RSA）上。我们使用表面电极和无线电遥测技术，在7只雄性和10只雌性单独笼养的食蟹猴（猕猴）暴露于两种应激源——突然的噪音（哨声测试）和戴着捕捉手套的陌生技术人员（手套测试）时，测量了这两个心脏变量。在两次测试过程中都对行为进行了录像。对于哨声测试，在两次间隔90分钟的1分钟哨声响起之前、期间和之后记录心脏数据。对于手套测试，在接触戴手套的技术人员的1分钟之前、期间和之后的96分钟内，每8分钟以1分钟的时间段记录数据。在哨声和手套暴露期间，心动周期均缩短，RSA受到抑制。哨声测试后，大多数受试者的心脏活动在10分钟内恢复到基线水平。与哨声测试相比，手套测试产生的抑制作用持续时间更长，个体差异更大。RSA的个体差异比心动周期的个体差异更大。这些增强的个体差异被用来定义应激反应者，他们在心脏数据特征方面与非反应者不同。在完成手套测试的16只受试动物中，有5只被确定为反应者。
