Frequency and prognostic implications of conduction defects in acute myocardial infarction since the introduction of thrombolytic therapy.

OBJECTIVE

To document the frequency of conduction defects and their influence on prognosis in a large series of patients with acute myocardial infarction who underwent coronary care during a period when thrombolytic therapy was in common usage.

BACKGROUND

Conduction defects have been associated with an adverse prognosis following acute myocardial infarction, but there are few data on the incidence and outcome of conduction defects since the introduction of thrombolytic therapy.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

The study group comprised 1225 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction treated in the coronary care unit from 1 January 1988 to 31 December 1994. Conduction defects were recorded prospectively and were classified as follows: complete atrioventricular node block associated with narrow complex escape rhythms; left or right bundle branch block; bifascicular block; complete heart block involving both bundle branches.

RESULTS

Electrocardiographic data were available in 1220 patients. Complete atrioventricular node block occurred in 65 (5.3%), left and right bundle branch block in 29 (2.4%) and 44 (3.6%) bifascicular block in 36 (2.9%) and complete heart block involving both bundle branches in 20 (1.6%). The more advanced degrees of block in the bundle branches occurred more commonly in patients with diabetes, previous infarction. Q-wave infarction, anterior infarction and left ventricular failure. Survival analysis showed an increased short- and long-term cardiac mortality in patients with conduction defects, prognosis worsening as the severity of the conduction defect increased.

CONCLUSION

Conduction defects complicated acute myocardial infarction in 16% of cases and had a graded impact on the short- and long-term prognosis, patients with advanced bundle branch involvement faring worst. The data showed a small decline in the rate of severe conduction defects compared with previous studies, possibly reflecting the beneficial effects of thrombolytic therapy on infarct size.