Sundermier L, Woollacott M H
Department of Exercise and Movement Science and the Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene 97403, USA.
Exp Brain Res. 1998 Jun;120(4):537-40. doi: 10.1007/s002210050429.
In adults, visual inputs do not appear to contribute significantly to automatic postural muscle responses (90-100 ms latency) activated by transient support surface displacements causing threats to standing balance, but are activated through slow pathways with latencies of more than 200 ms. However, it has been shown that the postural sway behavior of early walking infants is strongly influenced by visual flow cues that falsely signal self-movement. To determine whether there also are significant contributions of vision to automatic postural muscle responses in this age group, two groups of infants were tested on a moveable platform; pre-walkers (n=6) and early walkers (n=6). Pre-walkers did not show any measurable effect of visual condition (vision vs no vision) on muscle response characteristics. However, the integrated gastrocnemius activity of early walkers increased significantly in vision versus no vision conditions (P<0.05). These results show that visual cues contribute to, or modulate, the automatic postural responses in children who are in the developmental transition to independent walking.
在成年人中，视觉输入似乎对由短暂支撑面位移激活的自动姿势肌肉反应（潜伏期为90 - 100毫秒）没有显著贡献，这些位移会对站立平衡造成威胁，而是通过潜伏期超过200毫秒的慢通路被激活。然而，研究表明，刚开始学步的婴儿的姿势摇摆行为会受到错误指示自身运动的视觉流线索的强烈影响。为了确定视觉在这个年龄组的自动姿势肌肉反应中是否也有显著贡献，两组婴儿在一个可移动平台上进行了测试；刚开始学步的婴儿（n = 6）和刚学会走路的婴儿（n = 6）。刚开始学步的婴儿在视觉条件（有视觉与无视觉）对肌肉反应特征方面未表现出任何可测量的影响。然而，在有视觉与无视觉条件下，刚学会走路的婴儿的腓肠肌综合活动显著增加（P < 0.05）。这些结果表明，视觉线索对处于向独立行走发展过渡阶段的儿童的自动姿势反应有贡献或起到调节作用。
