Unilateral parathyroid exploration.

Unilateral neck exploration (UNE) for primary hyperparathyroidism can be done with the same excellent results as bilateral neck exploration (BNE) with decreased operative time and postoperative complications with a good preoperative localization study. One hundred six charts were reviewed retrospectively in patients operated on between May 1989 and October 1996 with primary hyperparathyroidism. Seventy-seven of these patients had preoperative ultrasounds (US) performed by a radiologist interested in parathyroid ultrasonography. UNE was performed if the operative findings were consistent with the US and a normal gland was identified on the same side. If a normal gland was not identified on the initial side or there was a question of hyperplasia a BNE was performed. Forty-six of the 77 patients had UNE, and 31 had BNE. Sixty-nine of these patients were found to have accurate US. Based on these results there is a 90 per cent accuracy rate for US performed by an interested radiologist. Comparing operative times between patients with UNE and BNE, there was a statistical difference (P = 0.001). Complications were also recorded in each group. Patients with UNE had a 22 per cent complication rate, whereas patients with BNE had a 45 per cent complication rate. This difference was statistically significant (P = 0.04) (Fisher's exact test). The majority of complications were asymptomatic and symptomatic hypocalcemia. Two patients in the BNE group experienced transient hoarseness. The advantages of UNE include reduced morbidity, decreased operative time and avoidance of scarring in the contralateral neck. In the total study population (n = 106), 99 patients (93.4%) had a single adenoma. An accurate, noninvasive, low-cost preoperative localization study is necessary to practice UNE for primary hyperparathyroidism. Parathyroid US, done by an interested radiologist, with a 90 per cent accuracy rate, meets all these criteria.