Faksvåg Haugen D R, Varhaug J E, Akslen L A, Lillehaug J R
Onkologisk avdeling, Haukeland Sykehus, Bergen.
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 1998 May 30;118(14):2199-203.
Thyroid cancer is not a common disease. It includes tumour types of great diversity in clinical course and molecular basis. Mutations of TSH-receptor, rearrangements of ret proto-oncogene, and altered expression of other tyrosine kinase growth factor receptors are characteristics of the follicular neoplasias and papillary carcinomas, while undifferentiated tumours harbour p53 mutations. Knowledge acquired to date has led to an increased understanding of thyroid growth and tumour development, but it has had no significant impact on diagnostic and treatment measures. On the other hand, the C-cell derived medullary carcinomas include familial cases where identification of germ-line ret mutations provides the basis for prophylactic thyroidectomy in affected individuals.
甲状腺癌并非常见疾病。它包含临床病程和分子基础差异极大的肿瘤类型。促甲状腺激素受体突变、原癌基因ret重排以及其他酪氨酸激酶生长因子受体表达改变是滤泡性肿瘤和乳头状癌的特征，而未分化肿瘤则存在p53突变。迄今所获得的知识增进了对甲状腺生长和肿瘤发展的理解，但对诊断和治疗措施并无显著影响。另一方面，起源于C细胞的髓样癌包括家族性病例，其中种系ret突变的鉴定为受影响个体的预防性甲状腺切除术提供了依据。
