Benkel B F
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Centre for Food and Animal Research, Ottawa, Ontario.
Poult Sci. 1998 Jul;77(7):1027-35. doi: 10.1093/ps/77.7.1027.
The genome of the chicken, Gallus gallus, contains endogenous proviral elements (ALVE elements or ev genes) that display a high degree of similarity to the Avian Leukosis class of retroviruses. The ALVE proviruses are known to modulate physiological processes of the host birds. Different ALVE elements retain variable portions of the complete, prototype viral genome, and each provirus resides in its own specific location within the host genome. Thus, each ALVE element has its own particular potential to modulate host physiology depending on the nature of its integration site, the completeness of the proviral genome, and the level of expression of the locus. It is important, therefore, to be able to establish the ALVE element profiles of chickens quickly and accurately, both in the laboratory and in a commercial setting. The current method of choice for simple, quick, and accurate typing is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This paper reviews the present status of PCR typing of ALVE proviruses and lists the assay protocols for 19 different elements. In addition, it compares the insertion sites of these elements in an effort to identify common motifs at ALVE integration sites.
家鸡（Gallus gallus）的基因组包含内源性前病毒元件（ALVE元件或ev基因），这些元件与禽白血病类逆转录病毒具有高度相似性。已知ALVE前病毒可调节宿主鸟类的生理过程。不同的ALVE元件保留了完整原型病毒基因组的可变部分，并且每个前病毒都位于宿主基因组内其特定的位置。因此，每个ALVE元件根据其整合位点的性质、前病毒基因组的完整性以及该位点的表达水平，具有调节宿主生理的特定潜力。因此，无论是在实验室还是商业环境中，能够快速准确地建立鸡的ALVE元件图谱都很重要。目前用于简单、快速和准确分型的首选方法是聚合酶链反应（PCR）。本文综述了ALVE前病毒PCR分型的现状，并列出了19种不同元件的检测方案。此外，还比较了这些元件的插入位点，以确定ALVE整合位点的共同基序。
