Sherman D W, Kirton C A
New York University, USA.
J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 1998 Jul-Aug;9(4):23-34. doi: 10.1016/S1055-3290(98)80043-5.
The purpose of this study was to describe and explore the experience and perceptions of heterosexual minority men living with and surviving HIV infection. This descriptive, exploratory qualitative study used in-depth interviews that were guided by Rosenstock's health belief model and Ajzen's theory of planned behavior. A purposive sample of 18 HIV-positive heterosexual, minority men were accrued from an outpatient HIV/AIDS clinic in upstate New York and a community-based AIDS service organization in New York City. The findings revealed that the experience of surviving HIV infection encompassed several stages. The men of this study described the choices they made in adolescence that led them down a trail of life that may be metaphorically described as "hazardous terrain," as the majority became involved in substance use or other illicit activities. With the diagnosis of HIV infection came a "Falling Off" stage, in which the participants went "over the edge" and initially were afraid to die but realized at this point that they were okay but vulnerable. The next stage was "Hanging On," in which they attempted to gain control, reevaluated priorities, and developed a new perspective on life and health. In the "Pulling Up" stage, participants realized that the rescue team included self, God, family, and friends, with self-rescue occurring on emotional, physical, and spiritual levels. As the participants reached the "Turning Around" stage, they began to accept responsibility for their health, focused on their abilities rather than their limitations, and reframed their perspectives to living with rather than dying from HIV infection. This study has implications for health-education programs, AIDS prevention, health assessment, and interventions for HIV-positive, heterosexual, minority men.
本研究的目的是描述和探索感染艾滋病毒并存活下来的异性恋少数族裔男性的经历和看法。这项描述性、探索性的定性研究采用了深度访谈，访谈以罗森斯托克的健康信念模型和阿杰恩的计划行为理论为指导。从纽约州北部的一家门诊艾滋病毒/艾滋病诊所和纽约市的一个社区艾滋病服务组织中，选取了18名艾滋病毒呈阳性的异性恋少数族裔男性作为有目的的样本。研究结果显示，感染艾滋病毒后存活下来的经历包括几个阶段。本研究中的男性描述了他们在青春期所做的选择，这些选择使他们走上了一条可以隐喻地描述为“危险地带”的人生道路，因为大多数人都参与了药物使用或其他非法活动。随着艾滋病毒感染的诊断而来的是一个“坠落”阶段，在这个阶段，参与者“越过了边缘”，最初害怕死亡，但此时意识到自己没事但很脆弱。下一阶段是“坚持”，在这个阶段，他们试图获得控制权，重新评估优先事项，并对生活和健康形成新的看法。在“振作”阶段，参与者意识到救援团队包括自己、上帝、家人和朋友，自我救援在情感、身体和精神层面都有发生。当参与者进入“转变”阶段时，他们开始对自己的健康负责，关注自己的能力而非局限，并重新调整自己的观点，以与艾滋病毒感染共存而非死于艾滋病毒感染。本研究对健康教育项目、艾滋病预防、健康评估以及针对艾滋病毒呈阳性的异性恋少数族裔男性的干预措施具有启示意义。
