Knight J
Alaska Med. 1998 Apr-Jun;40(2):27-30.
Nephrolithiasis affects about 0.2% of the US population annually with about 5% to 15% of the population suffering at some point in their lives. While 75% of all calculi are calcium based, the remainder are composed of uric acid, cystine, struvite, or are composed of more than one substance. A 1997 policy update by the American Urological Association recommends that stones lodged in the ureter that are not causing excruciating pain for the patient are best initially managed by observation.
每年，肾结石影响着约0.2%的美国人口，约5%至15%的人在人生的某个阶段会患上肾结石。虽然所有结石中有75%是钙基结石，但其余的则由尿酸、胱氨酸、磷酸镁铵组成，或者由不止一种物质组成。美国泌尿外科学会1997年的政策更新建议，对于嵌顿在输尿管中且未给患者带来剧痛的结石，最初最好通过观察来处理。
