Hogg S, Moser P C, Sanger D J
Synthélabo Recherche, Rueil-Malmaison, France.
Behav Brain Res. 1998 Jun;93(1-2):143-55. doi: 10.1016/s0166-4328(97)00146-0.
Fluid impact models are widely used to study the histological and neurochemical consequences of traumatic brain injury and although behavioural consequences have also been studied, behavioural changes are often confounded by non-specific neurological deficits. In the present study we investigated behavioural effects of a unilateral mild traumatic lesion of the right lateral parietal cortex. This region is implicated in a number of basic and complex behaviors, and we therefore analyzed the performance of rats in a diverse range of behavioural procedures. The lesion had no effects on general neurological function, motor activity (activity boxes, rota-rod and paw reaching tests), habituation to a novel environment (holeboard), spatial learning ability (Morris water maze) or anxiety (elevated plus-maze). However, the lesioned animals demonstrated lower levels of exploration than the control group when novel objects were placed beneath some of the holes in the holeboard. Lesioned animals also differed from controls in their performance in passive and active avoidance procedures. In a step-through passive avoidance test the lesioned rats performed worse than the sham-operated controls, i.e. they had significantly lower entry latencies on the 2nd day. In contrast, in the active avoidance task the lesioned animals performed better than sham-operated rats, demonstrating a better ability to learn to avoid and escape from the shock. These diverse results in different tests of learning and memory, in particular the impairment in passive avoidance and the improvement in active avoidance behavior, are difficult to reconcile with a simple effect of the lesion on cognitive performance per se. The complete absence of general neurological deficits following the mild traumatic injury rules out the possibility that the observed behavioural changes reflect a non-specific impairment. These results demonstrate that mild traumatic lesion of the right parietal cortex can induce relatively selective behavioural changes that may serve to study functional recovery after trauma. However further work is required to establish the underlying deficit(s) that has led to the behavioural effects described here.
流体冲击模型被广泛用于研究创伤性脑损伤的组织学和神经化学后果。尽管也对行为后果进行了研究，但行为变化常常被非特异性神经功能缺损所混淆。在本研究中，我们调查了右侧顶叶皮质单侧轻度创伤性损伤的行为影响。该区域与许多基本和复杂行为有关，因此我们分析了大鼠在各种行为程序中的表现。该损伤对一般神经功能、运动活动（活动箱、旋转杆和抓握测试）、对新环境的适应（穿孔板）、空间学习能力（莫里斯水迷宫）或焦虑（高架十字迷宫）均无影响。然而，当在穿孔板的一些孔下方放置新物体时，损伤组动物的探索水平低于对照组。损伤组动物在被动和主动回避程序中的表现也与对照组不同。在一步通过被动回避测试中，损伤大鼠的表现比假手术对照组差，即在第2天它们的进入潜伏期明显更短。相反，在主动回避任务中，损伤组动物的表现优于假手术大鼠，表明它们有更好的学习避免和逃离电击的能力。在不同的学习和记忆测试中出现的这些不同结果，特别是被动回避受损和主动回避行为改善，很难用损伤对认知表现本身的简单影响来解释。轻度创伤性损伤后完全没有一般神经功能缺损排除了观察到的行为变化反映非特异性损伤的可能性。这些结果表明，右侧顶叶皮质的轻度创伤性损伤可诱导相对选择性的行为变化，这可能有助于研究创伤后的功能恢复。然而，需要进一步的工作来确定导致此处所述行为影响的潜在缺陷。
