Quinn G E, Dobson V, Kivlin J, Kaufman L M, Repka M X, Reynolds J D, Gordon R A, Hardy R J, Tung B, Stone R A
Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Ophthalmology. 1998 Jul;105(7):1292-300. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(98)97036-1.
The purpose of the study was to examine spherical equivalent refractive errors, especially myopia, at six ages between 3 months and 5 1/2 years post-term in preterm children with birth weights of less than 1251 g.
A cohort study.
There were a total of 827 participants in the multicenter study of cryotherapy for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Approximately one third of the eyes did not develop ROP, whereas two thirds developed mild-to-severe ROP. None of the eyes underwent cryotherapy.
Refractive error was measured at 3 months, 1 year, and 5 1/2 years term due date at the five long-term follow-up centers. In most eyes, refractive error also was measured at 2, 3 1/2, and 4 1/2 years.
Myopia was defined as 0.25 diopter (D) or greater with high myopia as 5 D or greater.
The proportion of eyes with myopia in this preterm population was increased compared to published data on full-term children and was related to severity of both acute-phase and cicatricial-phase ROP. The percentage of eyes with myopia varied little across ages, ranging from 21.2% at 1 year to 15.7% at 4 1/2 years. The percentage of eyes with high myopia doubled from 1.8% to 3.9% between 3 months and 1 year and remained stable thereafter. The distribution of refractive errors in eyes with mild acute-phase ROP was similar to that of eyes with no ROP. In contrast, eyes with moderate or severe acute-phase ROP showed an increased prevalence of high myopia. The distribution of refractive errors changed between 3 months and 1 year with little change after 1 year. This pattern of refractive development differs from that of full-term infants. Birth weight, severity of ROP, and degree of myopia at 3 months predicted the presence of myopia and high myopia at 5 1/2 years of age.
The distribution of refractive errors in preterm infants from age 3 months to 5 1/2 years varies with severity of acute-phase ROP and cicatricial disease. Changes in refractive error distribution occur primarily between 3 months and 1 year and involve a decrease in the proportion of eyes with hyperopia and an increase in the proportion with high degrees of myopia.
本研究旨在调查出生体重低于1251克的早产儿在足月后3个月至5岁半这六个年龄段的等效球镜屈光不正情况，尤其是近视情况。
队列研究。
共有827名参与者参加了早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）冷冻治疗的多中心研究。约三分之一的眼睛未发生ROP，而三分之二的眼睛发生了轻度至重度ROP。所有眼睛均未接受冷冻治疗。
在五个长期随访中心于足月后3个月、1岁和5岁半测量屈光不正。在大多数眼睛中，还于2岁、3岁半和4岁半测量了屈光不正。
近视定义为屈光度为0.25D或更高，高度近视为5D或更高。
与足月儿的已发表数据相比，该早产儿群体中近视眼睛的比例有所增加，且与急性期和瘢痕期ROP的严重程度相关。近视眼睛的百分比在各年龄段变化不大，从1岁时的21.2%到4岁半时的15.7%。高度近视眼睛的百分比在3个月至1岁之间从1.8%翻倍至3.9%，此后保持稳定。轻度急性期ROP眼睛的屈光不正分布与无ROP眼睛相似。相比之下，中度或重度急性期ROP眼睛的高度近视患病率增加。屈光不正分布在3个月至1岁之间发生变化，1岁后变化不大。这种屈光发育模式与足月儿不同。出生体重、ROP严重程度和3个月时的近视度数可预测5岁半时近视和高度近视的存在。
3个月至5岁半的早产儿屈光不正分布随急性期ROP和瘢痕期疾病的严重程度而变化。屈光不正分布的变化主要发生在3个月至1岁之间，包括远视眼睛比例的下降和高度近视眼睛比例的增加。
