Firestone P, Bradford J M, McCoy M, Greenberg D M, Curry S, Larose M R
School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
J Am Acad Psychiatry Law. 1998;26(2):185-200.
Factors associated with recidivism in 86 men convicted of rape were studied. These men had been out of prison for up to 12 years (mean, 7.6 years). The majority of the men had been assessed in a sexual behaviors clinic of a general psychiatric hospital at the time of their conviction. Almost 50 percent of the group had committed some offense by the fifth year out of prison. The recidivism rates for sexual, violent, and any criminal recidivism were 16 percent, 26 percent, and 53 percent, respectively. The ability to predict sexual and violent recidivism in this population of rapists was rather poor. More sexual recidivists, compared with nonrecidivists, had been removed from their family home prior to age 16. Violent recidivists compared with nonrecidivists were also more frequently removed from their homes prior to 16 years of age, and they showed significantly more problems with alcohol. In terms of any criminal recidivism, recidivists compared with nonrecidivists were younger and scored higher on the Michigan Alcohol Screening Test (MAST). They also had more previous charges and/or convictions for violent offenses and more charges and/or convictions for any criminal acts. The combination of age and MAST scores was able to predict 92.6 percent of the nonrecidivists and 53.3 percent of the recidivists. The outstanding feature of the total group of rapists was their poor sexual adjustment as indicated on the Derogatis Sexual Functioning Inventory, on which they scored at approximately the seventh percentile of the population at large. There was also an indication that rapists have problems with hostility, as measured by the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory. Furthermore, the range of scores on the MAST indicated that the total group of rapists has serious problems with alcohol. The inability of phallometric assessments and psychopathy as measured by the Psychopathy Checklist-R to predict recidivism are discussed.
对86名强奸罪定罪男性的累犯相关因素进行了研究。这些男性出狱时间长达12年（平均7.6年）。大多数男性在定罪时曾在一家综合精神病医院的性行为诊所接受评估。到出狱后第五年，近50%的人再次犯罪。性犯罪、暴力犯罪和任何刑事累犯的累犯率分别为16%、26%和53%。在这群强奸犯中预测性犯罪和暴力犯罪累犯的能力相当差。与非累犯相比，更多的性犯罪累犯在16岁之前就被赶出了家门。与非累犯相比，暴力犯罪累犯在16岁之前也更频繁地被赶出家门，而且他们的酒精问题明显更多。就任何刑事累犯而言，与非累犯相比，累犯更年轻，在密歇根酒精筛查测试（MAST）中的得分更高。他们以前因暴力犯罪的指控和/或定罪也更多，因任何犯罪行为的指控和/或定罪也更多。年龄和MAST得分的组合能够预测92.6%的非累犯和53.3%的累犯。总体强奸犯群体的突出特点是他们在德罗加蒂斯性功能量表上显示出较差的性适应能力，他们的得分大约处于总体人群的第七百分位。还有迹象表明，通过布斯-杜克敌意量表测量，强奸犯存在敌意问题。此外，MAST得分范围表明总体强奸犯群体存在严重的酒精问题。讨论了阴茎测量评估和通过《精神病态核查表-R》测量的精神病态无法预测累犯的情况。
