West J R, Perrotta D M, Erickson C K
Department of Human Anatomy and Medical Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, USA.
Tex Med. 1998 Jul;94(7):61-7.
Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is commonly believed to be the leading known cause of mental retardation in the United States, although surveillance at state and national levels is problematic. The most serious consequence of fetal alcohol exposure is central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction. While the facial features of FAS become more subtle with age, growth deficits and, particularly, the CNS impairment appear to be permanent. Among factors that affect the risk and severity of fetal alcohol damage are the timing of the alcohol exposure, binge drinking that produces high blood alcohol concentrations, polydrug use, and genetic variations. From various studies, the incidence of FAS ranges from 0.2 to 3.0 affected birth per 1000 live births. The methods of measuring FAS occurrence are fraught with difficulties and inaccuracies, as are surveys of alcohol use by women during pregnancy. Still, indirect studies both in Texas and the United States suggest that the occurrence of FAS is increasing. A first, important step to reducing the incidence of FAS and related problems is to increase the awareness of physicians and other health care providers about the issues of FAS diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. Referral and information resources about FAS are provided.
胎儿酒精综合征（FAS）通常被认为是美国已知导致智力迟钝的首要原因，尽管州和国家层面的监测存在问题。胎儿接触酒精最严重的后果是中枢神经系统（CNS）功能障碍。虽然FAS的面部特征会随着年龄增长而变得不那么明显，但生长发育迟缓，尤其是中枢神经系统损伤似乎是永久性的。影响胎儿酒精损伤风险和严重程度的因素包括酒精接触的时间、导致高血液酒精浓度的暴饮、多种药物使用以及基因变异。从各项研究来看，FAS的发病率为每1000例活产中有0.2至3.0例受影响的出生。测量FAS发生率的方法充满困难和不准确之处，孕期女性酒精使用情况的调查亦是如此。不过，德克萨斯州和美国的间接研究表明，FAS的发生率正在上升。降低FAS及相关问题发生率的首要重要步骤是提高医生和其他医疗保健提供者对FAS诊断、预防和治疗问题的认识。本文提供了关于FAS的转诊和信息资源。
