Buchanan C R, Dunn-Rankin D
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine 92697, USA.
Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1998 Jun;59(6):393-402. doi: 10.1080/15428119891010659.
The particle transport characteristics of two ventilation configurations commonly used in hospital operating rooms (ORs), cross-flow and impinging-flow ventilation, were investigated. The computational fluid dynamics software FLUENT was used to simulate turbulent airflow with mixed convection in a three-dimensional, rectangular OR. Two OR personnel, a patient, OR spotlights, an anesthetics cart, and an operating table were represented in the room. Heat loads from the personnel, patient, and lights affected the airflow through buoyancy. Particles produced at the operation site with various sizes and initial conditions were tracked through the room. A stochastic model was used to include the random effects of turbulence on particle trajectories. Simulation results show that heat loads from the personnel, patient, and OR spotlights had an important effect on the airflow through natural convection. Particle trajectories were influenced greatly by the flow field structure, particle launch position, and turbulence in the flow, and somewhat by particle size. However, particle paths were insensitive to the launch velocity. Virtually identical trajectories were obtained for particles with launch velocities ranging from 0 to 1 m/sec in magnitude. Changes in ventilation configuration dramatically affected particle transport. The cross-flow ventilation configuration performed better, based on the criteria of removing particles from the breathing zone of room occupants. Proper flow field design and contaminant source placement can be used to control particle transport. Numerical simulations allow quick and inexpensive comparisons between room designs and provide details about airflow and contaminant transport.
对医院手术室（OR）常用的两种通风配置——横流通风和冲击流通风的颗粒传输特性进行了研究。使用计算流体动力学软件FLUENT对三维矩形手术室中的混合对流湍流气流进行模拟。室内模拟了两名手术室工作人员、一名患者、手术聚光灯、麻醉推车和一张手术台。人员、患者和灯光产生的热负荷通过浮力影响气流。对手术部位产生的具有各种尺寸和初始条件的颗粒在室内的轨迹进行跟踪。使用随机模型来考虑湍流对颗粒轨迹的随机影响。模拟结果表明，人员、患者和手术聚光灯产生的热负荷通过自然对流对气流有重要影响。颗粒轨迹受流场结构、颗粒发射位置和流场中的湍流影响很大，受颗粒尺寸影响较小。然而，颗粒路径对发射速度不敏感。对于大小在0到1米/秒范围内的发射速度的颗粒，获得了几乎相同的轨迹。通风配置的变化对颗粒传输有显著影响。基于从室内人员呼吸区域去除颗粒的标准，横流通风配置表现更好。适当的流场设计和污染物源放置可用于控制颗粒传输。数值模拟允许在不同的房间设计之间进行快速且低成本的比较，并提供有关气流和污染物传输的详细信息。
