Krueger R F, Moffitt T E, Caspi A, Bleske A, Silva P A
University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA.
Behav Genet. 1998 May;28(3):173-86. doi: 10.1023/a:1021419013124.
Do people mate assortatively for antisocial behavior? If so, what are the implications for the development and persistence of antisocial behavior? We investigated assortative mating for antisocial behavior and its correlates in a sample of 360 couples from Dunedin, New Zealand. We found substantial assortative mating for self-reports of antisocial behavior per se and for self-reports of couple members' tendencies to associate with antisocial peers (0.54 on average). Perceptions about the likelihood of social sanctions for antisocial behavior (e.g., being caught by the authorities or losing the respect of one's family) showed moderate assortative mating (0.32 on average). However, assortative mating for personality traits related to antisocial behavior was low (0.15 on average). These findings suggest that, whereas assortative mating for many individual-difference variables (such as personality traits) is low, assortative mating for actual antisocial behaviors is substantial. We conclude that future family studies of antisocial behavior should endeavor to measure and understand the influence of assortative mating. In addition, we outline a testable behavior-genetic model for the development of antisocial behavior, in which genes and environments promoting or discouraging antisocial behavior become concentrated within families (due to assortative mating), giving rise to widely varying individual developmental trajectories that are, nevertheless, similar within families.
人们是否会基于反社会行为进行选择性交配？如果是这样，这对反社会行为的发展和持续存在有何影响？我们在来自新西兰达尼丁的360对夫妇样本中，研究了反社会行为的选择性交配及其相关因素。我们发现，对于反社会行为本身的自我报告以及夫妻双方与反社会同伴交往倾向的自我报告，存在显著的选择性交配（平均为0.54）。对于反社会行为可能受到社会制裁的认知（例如被当局抓住或失去家人的尊重）显示出中等程度的选择性交配（平均为0.32）。然而，与反社会行为相关的人格特质的选择性交配程度较低（平均为0.15）。这些发现表明，虽然许多个体差异变量（如人格特质）的选择性交配程度较低，但实际反社会行为的选择性交配程度却很高。我们得出结论，未来关于反社会行为的家庭研究应努力测量并理解选择性交配的影响。此外，我们概述了一个可检验的反社会行为发展的行为遗传模型，在该模型中，促进或抑制反社会行为的基因和环境会因选择性交配而在家庭中集中，从而导致个体发展轨迹差异很大，但在家庭内部却相似。
