Kovner C T, Schore J
Division of Nursing, School of Education, New York University, New York 10012, USA.
J Prof Nurs. 1998 Jul-Aug;14(4):242-53. doi: 10.1016/s8755-7223(98)80065-3.
In addition to reviewing the literature about the extent to which basic nursing education is related to actual nursing practice, this article investigates the extent to which the relationship between nursing practice, education, and experience varies across specific health care settings. The literature presented no consistent or systematic association between type and amount of previous nursing experience and current nursing practice. However, the literature generally provided evidence of a consistent and systematic association between baccalaureate preparation and level of registered nurse (RN) practice. The review of practice and organizational differences across the hospital, nursing home, and ambulatory care sectors suggests that baccalaureate-prepared RNs in hospitals may have a more strongly differentiated role relative to those in nursing homes and ambulatory settings. If baccalaureate-prepared nurses continue to be perceived as capable of more complex and independent practice, and if employers believe that they can increase revenues by increasing the quality of nursing care or can save money by shifting to RNs some responsibilities now held by more costly personnel (such as physicians), then demand for baccalaureate-prepared nurses may increase.
除了回顾有关基础护理教育与实际护理实践相关程度的文献外，本文还调查了护理实践、教育和经验之间的关系在不同特定医疗保健环境中的差异程度。文献中没有表明先前护理经验的类型和数量与当前护理实践之间存在一致或系统的关联。然而，文献总体上提供了证据，证明学士学位护理教育与注册护士（RN）的实践水平之间存在一致且系统的关联。对医院、养老院和门诊护理部门的实践及组织差异进行的综述表明，与养老院和门诊环境中的护士相比，医院中拥有学士学位的注册护士可能具有更具差异的角色。如果拥有学士学位的护士继续被视为能够进行更复杂和独立的实践，并且如果雇主认为他们可以通过提高护理质量来增加收入，或者通过将一些目前由成本更高的人员（如医生）承担的职责转移给注册护士来节省资金，那么对拥有学士学位的护士的需求可能会增加。
