Legeza V I, Vladimirov V G
Scientific Research Institute of Military Medicine, Ministry of Safety of Russian Federation, St.-Petersburg.
Radiats Biol Radioecol. 1998 May-Jun;38(3):416-25.
A new classification has been proposed for prophylactic antiradiation drugs, which are divided into three groups: radioprotectors, stimulators of radioresistance and the means of protection from internal irradiation. Depending on organs (systems) for the protection of which they are designed, radioprotectors in their turn are subdivided into myelo-, entero- and cerebroprotectors; stimulators of radioresistance (depending on the optimal regimens of their use to develop a higher resistance of the organism) are subdivided into drugs that are effective in single and repeated (course) use; the means of protection from internal irradiation are subdivided into the drugs that prevent incorporation of radioiodine by the thyroid gland, and into the drugs preventing absorption of radionuclides in the digestive tract. The main features that distinguish radioprotectors from stimulators of radioresistance are presented. The former are characterized by such properties as exhibiting the effect exquisitely when prophylactically administered in doses close to those of maximal tolerance, greatest effect against shortterm (pulse) irradiation, rapid development and short duration of the radioprotective action period, reduction in the effect in repeated use, etc. Stimulators of radioresistance rank below radioprotectors in their effect against short-term irradiation, however, unlike the latter, they exhibit their protective effect against a long-term (low dose rate) exposure as well under the conditions of both prophylactic and therapeutic use; their radioprotective action is more prolonged, they are distinguished for their low toxicity and lower the risk of delayed sequelae of irradiation, etc. Examples of the most typical members of each group of prophylactic antiradiation drugs are cited, data are presented which characterize their radioprotective activity, the role and place in the system of antiradiation protection of troops and population.
已提出了一种预防性抗辐射药物的新分类方法，这类药物分为三组：辐射防护剂、抗辐射刺激剂和内照射防护剂。根据其设计用于保护的器官（系统）不同，辐射防护剂又可细分为骨髓防护剂、肠防护剂和脑防护剂；抗辐射刺激剂（根据其最佳使用方案以提高机体的抗辐射能力）可细分为单次使用和重复（疗程）使用有效的药物；内照射防护剂可细分为防止甲状腺摄取放射性碘的药物和防止消化道吸收放射性核素的药物。介绍了区分辐射防护剂和抗辐射刺激剂的主要特征。前者具有以下特性：在预防性给药剂量接近最大耐受剂量时能精确发挥作用，对短期（脉冲）照射效果最佳，辐射防护作用期发展迅速且持续时间短，重复使用时效果降低等。抗辐射刺激剂在对短期照射的效果方面不如辐射防护剂，但与后者不同的是，它们在预防性和治疗性使用条件下对长期（低剂量率）照射也具有保护作用；其辐射防护作用更持久，具有低毒性且降低了辐射延迟后遗症的风险等。列举了每组预防性抗辐射药物中最典型成员的例子，给出了表征其辐射防护活性的数据，以及它们在军队和民众抗辐射防护体系中的作用和地位。
