Tannenberg A M, Potter G K, Khoury C S
Renal Service, Metropolitan Hospital Center, New York, New York, USA.
Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 1998 Jul;15(3):513-22, vi.
Renal function includes maintenance of fluid pH, electrolyte and fluid balance, influence on blood pressure, excretion of fluid and metabolic soluble wastes after filtration or reabsorption, and production of erythrocyte stimulating factor and the active form of vitamin D. These processes involve sensory mechanisms in the kidney, as well as the ability to respond to sensed changes, to maintain body homeostasis. Decrease in or failure of renal function induces abnormalities in many other systems, requiring a modified approach that is individual to each patient, and includes alteration of medications used and a re-evaluation of their doses. Some patients may require a regimen of dialysis or eventual renal transplantation, each with attendant advantages and risks. Careful evaluation and consultation with a nephrologist is required when local or systemic treatment is contemplated.
肾功能包括维持体液pH值、电解质和水平衡，影响血压，在过滤或重吸收后排泄液体和代谢性可溶性废物，以及产生促红细胞生成素和维生素D的活性形式。这些过程涉及肾脏中的感觉机制，以及对感知到的变化做出反应以维持体内稳态的能力。肾功能下降或衰竭会在许多其他系统中引发异常，这就需要针对每位患者采取个性化的调整方法，包括改变所用药物及其剂量的重新评估。一些患者可能需要透析方案或最终进行肾移植，每种方式都有相应的优点和风险。当考虑进行局部或全身治疗时，需要仔细评估并咨询肾病专家。
