Ichinose Y, Kanehisa H, Ito M, Kawakami Y, Fukunaga T
Department of Life Sciences (Sports Sciences), University of Tokyo, Japan.
Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1998 Jul;78(2):109-14. doi: 10.1007/s004210050394.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in the morphological and functional aspects of the triceps brachii muscle between highly trained male and female athletes who were members of the 1996 Japanese Olympic teams in each of three different events: soccer, gymnastics and judo. The thickness (TBmt) and fibre pennation angle (TBpen) of the triceps brachii muscle and force output during elbow extensions were determined using a B-mode ultrasound apparatus and an isokinetic dynamometer, respectively. The TBmt and its value relative to upper arm length (TBmt/l(ua)) were significantly larger in the men than in the women in all the events except judo. In all the subjects, a significant correlation was found between TBmt/l(ua)) and TBpen (r = 0.721, P < 0.05). The existence of the sex difference in TBpen within the same event was in agreement with that observed in TBmt/l(ua) except for the soccer players. The TBpen of the soccer players were similar in both sexes although a significant sex differences was found in TBmt/l(ua). The isokinetic forces measured using the two velocities 60 degrees x s(-1) (F60) and 180 degrees x s(-1) (F180) were significantly correlated to the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the triceps brachii muscle estimated from TBmt (r = 0.702, P < 0.05 for F60, and r = 0.776, P < 0.05 for F180). No significant sex differences were found in either F60/CSA or F180/CSA in any of the events. From these results, it could be assumed, at least in the Olympic athletes tested in this study, that the fibre angulation of the triceps brachii muscle was almost the same in the two sexes if allowance was made for the difference in the muscle size, and the sex difference in force generation capability of the triceps brachii muscle could in the main be attributed to the difference in CSA rather than in the architectural characteristics.
本研究旨在调查1996年日本奥运代表队中参加足球、体操和柔道这三项不同赛事的高水平男女运动员肱三头肌在形态和功能方面的差异。分别使用B型超声仪和等速测力计测定肱三头肌的厚度（TBmt）和纤维羽状角（TBpen）以及伸肘时的力量输出。除柔道外，在所有赛事中，男性的TBmt及其相对于上臂长度的值（TBmt/l(ua)）均显著大于女性。在所有受试者中，TBmt/l(ua)与TBpen之间存在显著相关性（r = 0.721，P < 0.05）。除足球运动员外，同一赛事中TBpen的性别差异与TBmt/l(ua)中观察到的一致。足球运动员的TBpen在两性中相似，尽管在TBmt/l(ua)中发现了显著的性别差异。使用60度×秒⁻¹（F60）和180度×秒⁻¹（F180）这两个速度测量的等速力量与根据TBmt估算的肱三头肌横截面积（CSA）显著相关（F60时r = 0.702，P < 0.05；F180时r = 0.776，P < 0.05）。在任何赛事中，F60/CSA或F180/CSA均未发现显著的性别差异。从这些结果可以推测出，至少在本研究测试的奥运运动员中，如果考虑到肌肉大小的差异，肱三头肌的纤维角度在两性中几乎相同，并且肱三头肌力量产生能力的性别差异主要可归因于CSA的差异，而非结构特征的差异。
