Voutilainen R
Department of Pediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland.
Horm Metab Res. 1998 Jun-Jul;30(6-7):432-5. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-978910.
Insulin-like growth factors I and/or II are expressed in adrenal cells, and modulate their proliferation and steroid hormone synthesis suggesting that they may function as paracrine/autocrine factors. In some species, at least ACTH induces insulin-like growth factor synthesis. Thus, these peptide growth factors mediate at least some of the effects of ACTH on adrenocortical cell proliferation and differentiation. Human fetal adrenals express insulin-like growth factor II gene abundantly and ACTH-dependently, while in adult adrenals, the expression is low and no ACTH dependent regulation has been demonstrated. Hormonally active adrenocortical carcinomas and virilizing adenomas express insulin-like growth factor II gene abundantly. This phenomenon is associated with reduced expression of two putative tumor suppressor genes (H19 and p57KIP2) locating on the same genomically imprinted locus on human chromosome 11p15.5. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha belongs to the cytokines which modulate hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. It is a potent inducer of ACTH secretion but, at the adrenal level, it seems to mainly inhibit ACTH-induced steroidogenesis and also insulin-like growth factor II expression. It is produced in adrenocortical steroidogenic cells in addition to macrophages, which suggests that tumor necrosis factor-alpha may have some autocrine/paracrine functions in the adrenal cortex.
胰岛素样生长因子I和/或II在肾上腺细胞中表达，并调节其增殖和类固醇激素合成，这表明它们可能作为旁分泌/自分泌因子发挥作用。在某些物种中，至少促肾上腺皮质激素可诱导胰岛素样生长因子的合成。因此，这些肽类生长因子介导了促肾上腺皮质激素对肾上腺皮质细胞增殖和分化的至少部分作用。人类胎儿肾上腺大量且依赖促肾上腺皮质激素地表达胰岛素样生长因子II基因，而在成人肾上腺中，该表达水平较低，且尚未证明存在促肾上腺皮质激素依赖性调节。具有激素活性的肾上腺皮质癌和男性化腺瘤大量表达胰岛素样生长因子II基因。这种现象与位于人类染色体11p15.5上同一基因组印记位点的两个假定肿瘤抑制基因（H19和p57KIP2）的表达降低有关。肿瘤坏死因子-α属于调节下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的细胞因子。它是促肾上腺皮质激素分泌的有效诱导剂，但在肾上腺水平，它似乎主要抑制促肾上腺皮质激素诱导的类固醇生成以及胰岛素样生长因子II的表达。除巨噬细胞外，肾上腺皮质类固醇生成细胞也产生肿瘤坏死因子-α，这表明肿瘤坏死因子-α可能在肾上腺皮质中具有一些自分泌/旁分泌功能。
