Hemphill B E
Department of Anthropology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1998 Jul;106(3):329-48. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199807)106:3<329::AID-AJPA6>3.0.CO;2-H.
Discovery of a previously unknown Bronze Age civilization (Oxus Civilization) centered on the oases of Central Asia immediately raised questions concerning the origin and interregional impacts of this civilization. Fifteen craniometric variables from 12 Bronze Age samples--encompassing 544 adults from Central Asia, Iran, the Indus Valley, and Anatolia--are compared to test which, if any, of the current hypotheses offered by archaeologists are best supported by the pattern of phenetic affinities possessed by the Oxus Civilization inhabitants of the north Bactrian oasis. Craniometric differences between samples are compared with Mahalanobis generalized distance, and patterns of phenetic affinity are assessed with two types of cluster analysis (WPGMA, neighbor-joining method), multidimensional scaling, and principal coordinates analysis. Results obtained by this analysis indicate that current hypotheses for both the origin and interregional impacts of Oxus Civilization populations are incomplete.
一个以中亚绿洲为中心的此前未知的青铜时代文明（奥克苏斯文明）的发现，立刻引发了关于该文明的起源和区域间影响的问题。对来自12个青铜时代样本的15个颅骨测量变量进行比较——这些样本包括来自中亚、伊朗、印度河流域和安纳托利亚的544名成年人——以检验考古学家目前提出的哪些假设（如果有的话）最能得到位于巴克特里亚北部绿洲的奥克苏斯文明居民所具有的表型亲缘关系模式的支持。样本之间的颅骨测量差异用马氏广义距离进行比较，表型亲缘关系模式用两种聚类分析方法（加权组平均法、邻接法）、多维尺度分析和主坐标分析进行评估。该分析得到的结果表明，目前关于奥克苏斯文明人口的起源和区域间影响的假设都是不完整的。
