Malumbres M, Pellicer A
Department of Pathology and Kaplan Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York University Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, USA.
Front Biosci. 1998 Aug 6;3:d887-912. doi: 10.2741/a331.
Ras genes are among the most frequently activated oncogenes in cancer. The corresponding protooncogenes are proteins expressed in the majority of tissues in mammals and have a signal transduction activity. Ras proteins interact with a wide spectrum of regulators and downstream effectors producing different cellular responses, including proliferation, differentiation or apoptosis. This review deals with the most recent advances on the role of Ras in the signal transduction pathway from external signals to the cell cycle and gene expression control. We specially address the new developments on the effect of Ras activation in the regulation of different molecules driving the cell cycle progression. Both positive and negative regulators of the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK), cyclins and CDK inhibitors, are targets of Ras, giving rise to different effects in the cell cycle progression. These Ras-mediated interactions are an extraordinary example of the complexity of the signal transduction networks and the diversity of pathways used by Ras to propagate molecular signals.
Ras基因是癌症中最常被激活的癌基因之一。相应的原癌基因是在哺乳动物大多数组织中表达的蛋白质，具有信号转导活性。Ras蛋白与多种调节因子和下游效应器相互作用，产生不同的细胞反应，包括增殖、分化或凋亡。本综述探讨了Ras在从外部信号到细胞周期和基因表达控制的信号转导途径中的作用的最新进展。我们特别关注Ras激活在驱动细胞周期进程的不同分子调节中的新进展。细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶（CDK）、细胞周期蛋白和CDK抑制剂的正性和负性调节因子都是Ras的靶点，在细胞周期进程中产生不同的影响。这些Ras介导的相互作用是非凡的例子，体现了信号转导网络的复杂性以及Ras用于传播分子信号的途径的多样性。
