Czok G
Z Ernahrungswiss. 1976 Jun;15(2):188-200. doi: 10.1007/BF02018441.
It is only recently that the question of interaction between nutrition and drugs has been investigated. Generally there are two ways by which such an interaction may occur. On the one hand the food-intake and its composition may influence the effects of drugs by altering their pharmacokinetics. In most cases the abosrption of drugs and thereby also their biological effects are decreased when they are taken together with food, by only a few drugs the opposite effects have been observed. Furthermore the biotransformation of drugs may be inhibited by giving a diet poor in proteins. A diet rich in meat or in vegetables may also influence the urine pH in the more acid or basic direction and in this way the renal excretion of drugs may be changed considerably since drugs are generally either weak organic acid or bases. On the other hand drugs may also interfere with the availability and utilization of certain nutrients e.g. vitamins, electrolytes or trace elements. Such interaction could be observed when giving for example antibiotics, alcohol, contraceptives, anticonvulsives or laxatives over a long period. Deficiency of certain nutritional factors or even diseases can then be the consequence of such interactions.
直到最近，营养与药物之间的相互作用问题才得到研究。一般来说，这种相互作用可能通过两种方式发生。一方面，食物摄入量及其成分可能通过改变药物的药代动力学来影响药物的效果。在大多数情况下，药物与食物一起服用时，其吸收以及由此产生的生物学效应会降低，但只有少数药物观察到相反的效果。此外，低蛋白饮食可能会抑制药物的生物转化。富含肉类或蔬菜的饮食也可能使尿液pH值向更酸或更碱的方向变化，这样一来，由于药物通常是弱有机酸或碱，药物的肾排泄可能会发生相当大的变化。另一方面，药物也可能干扰某些营养素（如维生素、电解质或微量元素）的可利用性和利用。例如，长期使用抗生素、酒精、避孕药、抗惊厥药或泻药时，就可能观察到这种相互作用。某些营养因素的缺乏甚至疾病可能就是这种相互作用的后果。
