Senkfor A J, Van Petten C
Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721-0068, USA.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1998 Jul;24(4):1005-25. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.24.4.1005.
Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded during recognition tasks for spoken words alone (items) or for both words and the voice of the speaker (sources). Neither performance nor ERP measures suggested that voice information was retrieved automatically during the item-recognition task. In both tasks, correctly recognized old words elicited more positive ERPs than new words, beginning around 400 ms poststimulus onset. In the source task only, old words also elicited a focal prefrontal positivity beginning about 700 ms. The prefrontal task effect did not distinguish trials with accurate and inaccurate voice judgments and is interpreted as reflecting the search for voice information in memory. More posterior recording sites were sensitive to the successful recovery of voice or source information. The results indicate that word and voice information were retrieved hierarchically and distinguish retrieval attempt from retrieval success.
在仅针对口语单词（项目）或单词与说话者声音（来源）的识别任务中记录了事件相关电位（ERP）。无论是表现还是ERP测量都表明，在项目识别任务中语音信息不会自动被检索。在这两项任务中，正确识别的旧单词比新单词引发更正向的ERP，大约在刺激开始后400毫秒开始。仅在来源任务中，旧单词还会在大约700毫秒时引发前额叶局部正电位。前额叶任务效应无法区分语音判断准确和不准确的试验，被解释为反映了在记忆中搜索语音信息。更靠后的记录部位对语音或来源信息的成功恢复更敏感。结果表明，单词和语音信息是分层检索的，并且区分了检索尝试和检索成功。
