Cartron J P, Bailly P, Le Van Kim C, Cherif-Zahar B, Matassi G, Bertrand O, Colin Y
INSERM Research Unit U76, Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France.
Vox Sang. 1998;74 Suppl 2:29-64. doi: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.1998.tb05397.x.
In recent years, advances in biochemistry and molecular genetics have contributed to establishing the structure of the genes and proteins from most of the 23 blood group systems presently known. Current investigations are focusing on genetic polymorphism analysis, tissue-specific expression, biological properties and structure-function relationships. On the basis of this information, the blood group antigens were tentatively classified into five functional categories: (i) transporters and channels, (ii) receptors for exogenous ligands, viruses, bacteria and parasites, (iii) adhesion molecules, (iv) enzymes and, (v) structural proteins. This review will focus on selected blood groups systems (RH, JK, FY, LU, LW, KEL and XK) which are representative of these classes of molecules, in order to illustrate how these studies may bring new information on common and variant phenotypes and for understanding both the mechanisms of tissue specific expression and the potential function of these antigens, particularly those expressed in nonerythroid lineage.
近年来，生物化学和分子遗传学的进展有助于确定目前已知的23种血型系统中大多数基因和蛋白质的结构。目前的研究集中在基因多态性分析、组织特异性表达、生物学特性以及结构与功能的关系。基于这些信息，血型抗原被初步分为五个功能类别：（i）转运蛋白和通道，（ii）外源性配体、病毒、细菌和寄生虫的受体，（iii）黏附分子，（iv）酶，以及（v）结构蛋白。本综述将聚焦于所选的血型系统（RH、JK、FY、LU、LW、KEL和XK），这些系统代表了这些分子类别，以说明这些研究如何能带来关于常见和变异表型的新信息，以及理解这些抗原的组织特异性表达机制和潜在功能，特别是那些在非红细胞谱系中表达的抗原。
