Caletti G, Fusaroli P, Bocus P
Department of Medicine and Gastroenterology, University of Bologna, Italy.
Digestion. 1998 Aug;59(5):509-29. doi: 10.1159/000007528.
Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is nowadays a clinically relevant technology and its findings can have a major impact on patient management. This technique is currently indicated for staging digestive cancers, assessment of submucosal tumors, diagnosis of intestinal wall infiltrative diseases, common bile-duct stones and gut neuroendocrine tumors. As far as neoplasms are concerned, EUS appears to be a reliable and safe technique, thus making the physician able to plan either an aggressive surgical treatment, or a conservative palliative therapy. This is of the utmost importance in order to optimize medical-related costs, and to make the best therapeutic decision for each individual patient. EUS is also helpful in monitoring the course of a disease, as it is simple and virtually without complications. When EUS findings are not sufficient for a complete diagnosis, it is now possible to perform an EUS-guided fine-needle biopsy, which can allow a cytological diagnosis. Finally, some therapeutic endosonography-guided procedures are being increasingly adopted, such as cystoenterostomy, celiac plexus neurolysis, cholangio-pancreatography and selective injection of botulinum toxin in the muscle layer of the lower esophageal sphincter.
如今，内镜超声检查（EUS）是一项具有临床意义的技术，其检查结果会对患者的治疗管理产生重大影响。目前，这项技术适用于消化系统癌症的分期、黏膜下肿瘤的评估、肠壁浸润性疾病的诊断、胆总管结石及肠道神经内分泌肿瘤的诊断。就肿瘤而言，EUS似乎是一项可靠且安全的技术，这使得医生能够规划积极的手术治疗或保守的姑息治疗。这对于优化医疗相关成本以及为每位患者做出最佳治疗决策至关重要。EUS在监测疾病进程方面也很有帮助，因为它操作简单且几乎没有并发症。当EUS检查结果不足以做出完整诊断时，现在可以进行EUS引导下的细针穿刺活检，从而实现细胞学诊断。最后，一些治疗性内镜超声引导的操作正越来越多地被采用，如囊肿胃肠吻合术、腹腔神经丛松解术、胰胆管造影术以及在下食管括约肌肌层选择性注射肉毒杆菌毒素。
