Korver D R, Roura E, Klasing K C
Department of Avian Sciences, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.
Poult Sci. 1998 Aug;77(8):1217-27. doi: 10.1093/ps/77.8.1217.
Broiler chicks were fed one of five diets from 3 d of age: a low energy diet containing 7% cellulose (ME 2,714 kcal/kg), or high energy diets containing approximately 7% of either tallow, corn oil, safflower oil, or fish oil (each 3,302 kcal/kg). Half of the chicks were injected intra-abdominally with Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on Day 11, sephadex on Day 13, and Freund's complete adjuvant on Day 15; samples were collected on Day 16. The uninjected chicks served as controls. In a second experiment, 3-d-old chicks were fed one of eight isocaloric diets containing tallow as the sole supplemental fat source, or tallow plus either 2% corn oil, 1, 1.5, or 2% fish oil, or fish meal at an amount to provide 1, 1.5 or 2% supplemental oil. Half of the chicks were injected intra-abdominally with S. typhimurium LPS on Days 10, 12 and 14; the uninjected chicks served as controls. Samples were taken on Day 15. In Experiment 1, the cellulose diet decreased performance to 10 d of age relative to the other diets, whereas immunogen injection decreased weight gain and feed efficiency and increased indices of inflammation among all dietary groups. Fish oil at approximately 7% of the diet did not improve weight gain. Fish oil diets improved weight gain and feed efficiency in Experiment 2 relative to the other diets, in spite of minimal effects on indices of inflammation. Injection of LPS decreased performance and increased inflammation across dietary treatment, although the second LPS injection was less potent in altering performance responses and inflammation compared to the first injection, indicating that repeated injections of LPS amy cause the chicks to become refractory to that stimulus. The fish meal diets resulted in poorer performance than similar levels of lipid provided as fish oil. Lower levels of dietary fish oil were more efficacious in improving broiler performance than higher levels, and fish oil provided from fish meal was not as efficacious as oil per se, possibly due to nonlipid components of the meal.
从3日龄起，给肉鸡雏鸡饲喂五种日粮之一：一种含7%纤维素的低能量日粮（代谢能2714千卡/千克），或含约7%牛脂、玉米油、红花油或鱼油的高能量日粮（每种代谢能3302千卡/千克）。一半雏鸡在第11天腹腔注射鼠伤寒沙门氏菌脂多糖（LPS），第13天注射葡聚糖，第15天注射弗氏完全佐剂；在第16天采集样本。未注射的雏鸡作为对照。在第二个实验中，给3日龄雏鸡饲喂八种等热量日粮之一，这些日粮以牛脂作为唯一的补充脂肪来源，或牛脂加2%玉米油、1%、1.5%或2%鱼油，或以提供1%、1.5%或2%补充油的量的鱼粉。一半雏鸡在第10天、12天和14天腹腔注射鼠伤寒沙门氏菌LPS；未注射的雏鸡作为对照。在第15天采集样本。在实验1中，相对于其他日粮，纤维素日粮使至10日龄时的生长性能下降，而免疫原注射使所有日粮组的体重增加和饲料效率降低，并增加了炎症指标。日粮中约7%的鱼油并未改善体重增加。在实验2中，相对于其他日粮，鱼油日粮改善了体重增加和饲料效率，尽管对炎症指标的影响最小。注射LPS降低了各日粮处理组的生长性能并增加了炎症，尽管第二次注射LPS与第一次注射相比，在改变生长性能反应和炎症方面的效力较小，这表明重复注射LPS可能会使雏鸡对该刺激产生耐受。鱼粉日粮导致的生长性能比以鱼油形式提供的类似水平的脂质更差。较低水平的日粮鱼油在改善肉鸡生长性能方面比较高水平更有效，并且鱼粉提供的鱼油不如鱼油本身有效，这可能是由于鱼粉中的非脂质成分。
