Woo G M
Cannon Center for Survey Research, University of Nevada, Las Vegas 89154, USA.
Ann Behav Med. 1997 Fall;19(4):385-98. doi: 10.1007/BF02895158.
Although much research has focused on whether the physical demands of employment during pregnancy affect birth outcomes, this article argues that psychological demands should also be considered. Research published since 1980 is reviewed to examine how physical and psychological demands of employment are related to birth outcomes. Evidence for the effect of specific types of physical activities (e.g., lifting, standing) is equivocal, in part due to methodological limitations. However, studies combining several types of physical activities tend to find an association with more adverse birth outcomes. Too few pregnancy outcome studies have examined psychological demands in the workplace to make conclusions about birth outcomes, but the theoretical basis for further research is discussed. This article also argues that physical and psychological demands occur outside of the workplace and must therefore be considered with respect to responsibilities all women face throughout the day. An integrative model for studying these relationships is proposed.
尽管许多研究都聚焦于孕期工作的体力要求是否会影响分娩结局，但本文认为心理要求也应予以考虑。对1980年以来发表的研究进行综述，以考察工作的体力和心理要求与分娩结局之间的关系。特定类型体力活动（如提举、站立）影响的证据并不明确，部分原因是方法上的局限性。然而，综合多种类型体力活动的研究往往发现与更不良的分娩结局有关联。很少有妊娠结局研究考察过职场中的心理要求，因而无法就分娩结局得出结论，但文中讨论了进一步研究的理论基础。本文还指出，体力和心理要求也存在于职场之外，因此必须结合所有女性全天面临的责任来考虑。文中提出了一个用于研究这些关系的综合模型。
