Singh J, Prakash C, Panda R, Bora D, Jain D C, Datta K K
National Institute of Communicable Diseases, Shamnath Marg, Delhi.
Indian Pediatr. 1998 Feb;35(2):105-9.
To estimate the incidence of acute sporadic viral hepatitis and describe its epidemiology in an urban population.
A retrospective community survey for jaundice cases.
Headquarter town of a tribal district, Bastar, in Madhya Pradesh state, India.
Trained paramedics surveyed about 51,643 population to detect cases of jaundice which occurred in the past one year. Cases were examined to collect clinical and epidemiological data. blood samples were drawn from all cases who had jaundice in the past 3 months for testing them for markers of viral hepatitis.
Study estimated the annual incidence of jaundice cases as 244 (95% CI 201-287) per 100,000 population. Almost 95% jaundice cases occurred in summer and monsoon months. People from all socio-economic strata were affected. The incidence of jaundice was found to be the highest in children below 15 years of age (3.7 per 1000) which declined significantly with the increase in age (p = 0.0000). The overall incidence in two sexes was not different statistically (p = 0.7). Of 57 cases who had jaundice in the past 3 months, 19 (33%) were confirmed as having viral hepatitis. Hepatitis A and E combined together contributed 68% (13/19) of acute sporadic cases of viral hepatitis, whereas hepatitis B, C and D accounted for the remaining 32% of the cases.
The study found the annual incidence of laboratory supported cases of viral hepatitis to be 81 (95 CI 57-106) per 100,000 population, which suggests that it is an important public health problem in India. Hepatitis A was much more prevalent than hepatitis E. Etiology of almost two-thirds of jaundice cases could not be established which require further community studies.
评估急性散发性病毒性肝炎的发病率，并描述其在城市人群中的流行病学特征。
对黄疸病例进行回顾性社区调查。
印度中央邦巴斯塔尔部落地区的总部城镇。
训练有素的护理人员对约51643人进行调查，以发现过去一年中发生的黄疸病例。对病例进行检查以收集临床和流行病学数据。从过去3个月内出现黄疸的所有病例中采集血样，检测病毒性肝炎标志物。
研究估计黄疸病例的年发病率为每10万人244例（95%可信区间201 - 287）。几乎95%的黄疸病例发生在夏季和季风月份。所有社会经济阶层的人都受到影响。发现15岁以下儿童的黄疸发病率最高（每1000人中有3.7例），且随着年龄增长显著下降（p = 0.0000）。两性的总体发病率在统计学上无差异（p = 0.7）。在过去3个月内出现黄疸的57例病例中，19例（33%）被确诊为病毒性肝炎。甲型和戊型肝炎合计占急性散发性病毒性肝炎病例的68%（13/19），而乙型、丙型和丁型肝炎占其余32%的病例。
该研究发现每10万人中实验室确诊的病毒性肝炎病例年发病率为81例（95%可信区间57 - 106），这表明它是印度一个重要的公共卫生问题。甲型肝炎比戊型肝炎更为普遍。近三分之二黄疸病例的病因无法确定，这需要进一步的社区研究。
